Setup for measurements

When a photon of light hits the surface of a piece of metal, it may, if there is sufficient energy, eject an electron from the metal. Such an electron is called a photoelectron, and the mechanism is known as the photoelectric effect. The diagram at the right shows a setup for measuring the photoelectric effect. 

Figure 10.8 Experimental setup for measurement of the enthalpy of solution at high temperatures.

FIG. 5. Schematic diagram showing the apparatus and setup for measuring tensile strength (from Ref 104). 

Figure 2.3 Schematic diagram of the experimental setup for measuring amounts of liquid water and water vapor in the air cathode exhaust at a close point of cathode exit of an operating DMFC stack.

The incorporation of purified Na /D-glucose cotransporter into the BLM formed by the monolayer folding method was achieved either by fusion of its proteo-liposomes or by folding the lipid layer containing the proteoliposomes. The experimental setup for measuring the currents is the same as in Figure 25. The concentration dependence of the observed currents is shown in Figure 31. A Na ... 

Figure 1. Schematic of experimental setup for measurements of the rotating ring-disk electrode (1) dual potentiogal-vanostat (2) ZnO disk electrode (3) Pt ring electrode (4) Teflon electrode holder (5) electrolytic cell (6) N2 gas inlet (7) Pt counter electrode (8) SCE (9) mirror ...

Fig. 17 Experimental setup for measuring the characteristics of the CTL-based sensor...

FIGURE 5.8. The experimental setup for measuring the conductance of SAMs using a tuning fork-based scanning probe microscope (SPM). 

Fig. 2 A schematic view of an experimental setup for measuring the dynamical variable r(t). A single macromolecule is subjected to a train of short pulses with a repetition rate kex. r(tj) is defined as the time interval between photoexcitation of the donor at time tj and the emission of a fluorescence photon by either the donor (green) or the acceptor (red).

In this paper we focus on the one-dimensional drying of a fired-clay brick initially saturated with a NaCl solution. First we discuss the moisture and ion transport during evaporation. The NMR method and setup for measuring the moisture and Na distribution during drying is discussed in section 3. Finally, we discuss results for tired-clay brick and a new representation of these results in a so-called efflorescence pathway diagram (EPD) in section 4. 

Figure 9.6 Experimental setup for measuring the angular distribution of the scattered light at different temperatures and externally applied electric fields. L is a He-Ne-laser, A/2 a half-wave retarder plate, P a Glan-Thomson prism, BS a beam splitter, PDl and PD2 are photodiodes and HV the high voltage amplifier. The sbn sample with 0.66 mol% Cerium is placed on a stack of Peltier-elements to control the temperature.

Figure 18 Schematic of experimental setup for measurement of 3D bubble deformation and flow structure in the wake using the combination of PIV/LIF and double-SIT (a) schematic of the measurement system and (b) top view of the experimental facility (Fujiwara et al., 2004a).

FIGURE 6.22 Experimental setup for measuring the swelling during a cone experiment using infrared camera. 

FIGURE 6.25 Experimental setup for measuring heat gradient in an intumescent coating for a cone calorimeter experiment at the beginning of the experiment (a) and at the steady state (b). 

Our developed setup for measuring of adsorbed hydrogen quantity (Fig. 1) allows to investigate rapidly the hydrogen adsorption at temperatures of 77-1273 K and pressures up to 1.5-107 Pa. 

Experimental setup for measurements of hydrogen-sorption characteristics... 

Figure 39 (a) Schematic representation of an experimental setup for measuring of three-dimensional anisotropy of the magnetic field effect on photoconductivity (C—crystal, M—mirror), (b) Orientation of the magnetic field B with respect to the crystal axes (a, b, c ). From Ref. 248. 

A potentiometric setup for measuring Rfis shown in Fig. 5. The detector is usually a high-resolution, high-impedance digital voltmeter. Voltage drops are measured across and across a series standard resistance f 5that has a stable constant value, usually 100 O. The value of R, is then given by... 

Figure 6.9 (a) Use of a network analyzer to measure two-port-device frequency response. (b) Setup for measuring two-port frequency response using the synthesized os-cillatorA VM combination. 

Figure 17.2 Expmmental setup for measuring fluorescence from nanoaperture arrays. Narrow-line incident light (63Snm) illuminates the sample from the top side, while detection occurs through the back side, using a standard fluorescence emission filter. The sample and detector can be independently rotated.

FIG. 13.3 Experimental setup for measuring photoinduced and phott eliminated birefringence. S, Ht = Sample on heating stage, Sh = Shutter, P = Polarizer, A = Analyzer. 

Fig. 4.15. Setup for measuring the turnover of dihydro-rhodamin by horse radish peroxidase bound to a coverslip by biotin-streptavidin interaction...

Figure 50. Experimental setup for measuring spatiotemporal pattern formation on a rotating ring electrode with a stationary potential probe. (After Flatgen and Krischer. )...

Figure 19. The experimental setup for measurement of the Stokes parameters.

Fig. 18. Basic apparatus and experimental setup for measuring sonic velocity and stress-strain behavior simultaneously [Moseley (46)2...

Figure 7.7 Experimental setup for measuring ionic conductivity. If the electrodes are nonblocking, then the ionic conductivity is simply / j =...

The experimental setups for measuring powder resistivity in Figures 3-1 can also be used to measure the effective dielectric constant of the bulk powder. The procedure is to measure the capacitance with 0 and without the powder. Using the definition of capacitance c= eA/x for parallel plates of area A and separation distance x gives... 

FIGURE 3-3 Experimental setup for measuring the effective dielectric constituent of a powder (Masuda et al. 1995). 

FIGURE 3-5 Experiments setup for measuring contact potential difference (Masuda et. al. 1995). 

Figure 3-11 shows the experimental setup for measuring particle charge in the freeboard of a circulating fluidized bed fabricated from either copper or... 

Figure 14>U. Schematical setup for measurements with potentiometric enzyme electrodes.

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