Oil Clove

Clove leaf oil Clove oils Clover Cloven te Cloves... 

This sesquiterpene, or mixture of sesquiterpenes, is found to a considerable extent in nature, especially in clove oil, pimento oil, pepper oil, cinnamon oil, betel oil, copaiba oil, and numerous other essential oils. As isolated from these oils the sesquiterpene has the following characters —... 

Caryophyllene nitrosochloride, (CjgHgJjN OoCL, is obtained when a mixture of the sesquiterpene, alcohol, ethyl acetate, and ethyl nitrite is cooled in a freezing mixture, and then treated with a saturated solution of hydrochloric acid in alcohol. The reaction mass is allowed to stand on ice for an hour and is then exposed to sunlight. Thus prepared it melts at about 158° to 163°, and can be separated into two compounds, one being that of a-caryophyllene and the other that of yS-caryophyllene Deussen s sesquiterpenes of natural caryophyllene from clove oil), a-caryophyllene nitrosochloride melts at 177", and /3-caryophyllene nitrosochloride at 159°. They can be separated by fractional crystallisation. The corresponding a-nitrolbenzylamine melts at 126° to 128°, and the /3-nitrolbenzylamine at 172° to 173°. The bimolecular formula given above is probable but not certain. 

Nelke,/. clove pink (the flower). Nelken-gewachse, n.pl. (Boi.) Caryophylla-ceae. -kassie, /. clove cassia, -ol, n. clove oil, oil of cloves, -pfeffer, m. allspice, pimento, -pfefferwasser, n. (Pharm.) pimento water, -rinde, /. clove cassia, -s ure, /. eugenol caryophyllic acid, -stein, m. iolite. -wurzel, /. avens root. -zim(m)t, m. clove cinnamon, clove cassia. 

Propose a mechanistic pathway for the biosynthesis of caryophyllene, a substance found in clove oil. 

If flour or meal has become contaminated with storage insects after milling, the insect parts or larvae may be removed for identification by sieving or by a flotation procedure, but perhaps only excrement remains in the sample. This is about the same color as the material upon which the insects have fed and has generally the same appearance macroscopically. By means of the fluorescent light, however, pellets may be rendered more readily visible. If such flour is treated with clove oil, the pellets stand out distinctly and may be readily counted. 

Molnar, E. J. (1942). Cloves, oil of cloves and eugenol. Their medico-dental history. Dental Items of Interest, 64, 521-8. 

Another mechanism that potentially contributes to clove oil s effects is inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis through both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways (Tyler 1994). Accordingly, local injections of clove oil supressed joint swelling in arthritic rats (Sharma et al. 1994). 

Eugenol, the major constituent of clove oil, is a local analgesic and has been used as such in dentistry inter alia) for very many years. By a series of modifications (involving more than one laboratory) a number of general anaesthetics suitable... 

Clove oil Cinnamon oil Post-emergence Post-emergence Matran II... 

Clove oil is used due to the presence of eugenol as its main constituent. It acts by paralysing the sensory never endings. It is non-irritating but stains the dentine yellow. 

It acts by slow liberation of iodine and has both antiseptic and local anodyne properties. It is used in the form of paste which contains tannic acid, phenol, eugenol (clove oil), cirmamon oil and glycerine. 

Individual compounds can be isolated from essential oils containing one or only a few major components by distillation or crystallization. Examples are eugenol from clove oil, menthol from commint oil, citronellal from Eucalyptus citriodora oil and citral from Litsea cubeba oil. These compounds are used as such or serve as starting materials for the synthesis of derivatives, which are also used as flavor and fragrance substances. However, the importance of some of these oils has decreased substantially because of the development of selective synthetic processes for their components. 

Clove oils are produced from the 15-20 m high clove tree Syzigium aromaticum (L.). Merr. et Perry [Eugenia caryophyllus (Spreng.) Bullock and Harrison],... 

The main component of all clove oils is eugenol (up to 80%, sometimes more), which is responsible for their odor and antiseptic properties. Other major constituents are eugenyl acetate and caryophyllene [442-449]. Clove bud oil has a higher acetate content and a more delicate odor than the other oils, therefore it is much more expensive. Leaf oil is produced and used in the largest quantities. The composition of clove stem oil resembles that of bud oil but with a lower content of eugenyl acetate. 

The most important countries that produce clove oils are Madagascar, Tanzania, and Indonesia. Smaller quantities are produced in other tropical areas (e.g., Malaysia and Sri Lanka). Worldwide production of clove oils is more than 2000 t/yr, of which Indonesia produces about half. 

Caryophyllene, a common constituent of essential oils, was first isolated from clove oil. )S-Caryophyllene [( )-caryophyllene] 105 (Structure 4.30) is the most widely encountered form of caryophyllenes. Caryophyllene derivatives (106-108) are characteristic constituents of most birch oils [49-51]. 

Eugenol obtained from clove oil is an important precursor for the preparation of vanillin (Scheme 13.10). The reaction consists of two steps. First, eugenol needs to be converted into isoeugenol, which requires alkaline treatment or ruthenium or rhodium catalysis. Second, the isoeugenol is oxidised to vanillin using, for instance, chromic acid. This method results in nature-identical vanillin. 

Clove oil Eiqjenol Oral-care flavours, savoury flavours... 

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