Pigment reactive

Acid Basic Direct Disperse Mordant Pigment Reactive Solvent Vat... 

Acid dyes Azoic colouring matters Basic dyes Developers Direct dyes Disperse dyes Fluorescent dyes Food dyes Ingrain dyes Leather dyes Mordant dyes Natural dyes Oxidation dyes Pigments Reactive dyes Reducing agents Solvent dyes Sulphur dyes Condense sulphur dyes Vat dyes... 

Because these resins are acidic, care should be exercised in formulating ingredients which are basic. The basic ingredients most often encountered are color pigments. Extensive information regarding color pigment reactivity with these resins is available in the literature (I). 

Dye allergens are found in the disperse, acid, azoic, basic, direct, pigment, reactive, solvent, and vat application classes. No dye allergens belong to the mordant and sulfur application classes. Almost 50% of the 70 reported dye allergens are disperse, about 20% are reactive, and 10% are acid. 

PhenoHcs that are not heat-reactive may be incorporated into both air-dried and baked oleoresinous coatings. AppHcations vary widely and include clear and pigmented exterior varnishes, aluminum-maintenance paints, 2inc-rich primers, can coatings, insulation varnishes, and concrete paints. As modifiers in a great variety of appHcations, they enhance the performance of oleoresinous and alkyd coatings. 

Approximately 90% of the phthalocyanines (predominantly copper phthalocyanine) are used as pigments (qv). In addition, they have found acceptance in many types of dyestuffs, eg, direct and reactive dyes, water-soluble and solvent-soluble dyes with physical and chemical binding, a2o-reactive dyes, a2o nonreactive dyes, sulfur dyes, and vat dyes (1) (see Dyes Dyes, reactive). 

Phthalocyanine Dyes. In addition to their use as pigments, the phthalocyanines have found widespread appHcation as dyestuffs, eg, direct and reactive dyes, water-soluble dyes with physical or chemical binding, solvent-soluble dyes with physical or chemical binding, a2o reactive dyes, a2o nonreactive dyes, sulfur dyes, and wet dyes. The first phthalocyanine dyes were used in the early 1930s to dye textiles like cotton (qv). The water-soluble forms Hke sodium salts of copper phthalocyanine disulfonic acid. Direct Blue 86 [1330-38-7] (Cl 74180), Direct Blue 87 [1330-39-8] (Cl 74200), Acid Blue 249 [36485-85-5] (Cl 74220), and their derivatives are used to dye natural and synthetic textiles (qv), paper, and leather (qv). The sodium salt of cobalt phthalocyanine, ie. Vat Blue 29 [1328-50-3] (Cl 74140) is mostly appHed to ceUulose fibers (qv). 

Advantages of the electron beam processor are its abiUty to penetrate thick and highly pigmented coatings. It is used to cross-link reactive unsaturated polymers, nonreactive thermoplastic polymers, iasulation, and wire-cable covetings (4,9,16) (see Insulation, electric-wire and cable COVERDIGS). 

A third form of cadmium pigments includes the mercury cadmiums. Mercuric sulfide (HgS) forms soHd solutions up to about 20 mol % with the oranges, reds, and maroons. The heat stabiUty is improved up to 370°C, and the costs are somewhat lower than the CP grades. The mercury cadmiums are slightly more reactive, but have excellent bleed resistance. 

Among these dye classes, anthraquiaone dyes are ia an important position ia reactive dyes and vat dyes for cellulose fibers, disperse dyes for polyester, and acid dyes for polyamide. Application for high performance organic pigments for plastics and paints are also important areas. 

The alternative approach is to pad the fabric with the alkaline naphthol and dry, foUowed by printing directly onto this prepared fabric diazonium salts or stabilized diazonium salts. Coupling is instant and the only further treatment needed is to remove aU the uncoupled naphthol and surface azo pigment in a subsequent washing treatment. Because the choice of colors is limited from one naphthol component, other shades are obtained by using other classes of dye alongside the azoic colors, eg, reactives. This approach is widely used in the production of African prints. 

The use of disperse—reactive dye combinations is popular for printing polyester—viscose blends for fashion fabrics where the drape, handle, and general aesthetic quaUties of such fabrics are adversely affected by pigment printing. 

Resist Printing. In resist printing, print pastes are used that can inhibit the development or fixation of different dyes that are apphed to the textile prior to or after printing. These resists can be of a chemical or mechanical nature, or combine both methods. For example, fiber-reactive dyes, which require alkaU for their fixation, can be made resistant by printing a nonvolatile organic acid, such as tartaric acid, on the textile. Colored resists are obtained by printing pigments with a nonvolatile acid. 

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