Cleaning efficacy

Liking Intensity Intensity Alcohol Body Clean Efficacious Unique... 

The cleaning efficacy of vial/ampoule washer ABC was determined qualitatively by spiking ten individual vials/ampoules with 10% sodium chloride. After drying, the vials were washed at the set machine operational parameters for X ml vials/ampoules. The results were compared with negative and positive controls. The summary of test results is provided in Table 3. 

Figure 13.3 compares the projected performance of an RO membrane that has been cleaned on time (performance decline within 15% of initial performance) with that for membranes that were cleaned after performance had dropped more than 15%. As the figure shows, cleaning on time results in better cleaning efficacy and in longer intervals between cleanings. Both of these outcomes result... 

Factors that effect cleaning efficacy include ... 

Detergent Builders. Builders are typically added to a detergent formulation to extend or improve the cleaning performance of a formulation across a wide range of use conditions. The combination of builders and surfactants exhibits a synergistic effect to boost total detergency and cleaning efficacy, as compared with an equal amount of either compound alone. The major properties and characteristics that are desirable... 

Phelps, M. R., Wilcox, W. A., Silva, L. J., and Butner, R. S., Effects of Fluid Dynamics on Cleaning Efficacy of Supercritical Fluids, PNL-8579, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, chland, Washington (1993)... 

In line with cleaning efficacy, solid particles have also been incorporated into some light-duty liquid formulations with the objective of increasing the effectiveness of the products in removing solid caked-on or baked-on soiling from articles. 

Solvent cleaners are generally free of builder salts. The cleaning efficacy depends on solvent-type compounds, such as glycol ethers. Solvent cleaners are less effective on particulate soiling, such as mud on floors however, they are effective against oily soiling, particularly on modern plastic surfaces. 

V. ASSESSMENT OF CLEANING EFFICACY OF SHAMPOOS A. Cleaning of Sebum... 

The first softergents appeared on the market in the early 1970s. They were quite popular in the U.S. between 1981 and 1989 or so, but their popularity declined in the 1990s as a result of the increased softening efficacy of rinse-added softeners and the stronger cleaning efficacy of detergents [10]. 

These cleaners were more effective than their predecessors, but they also required a large amount of rinsing. The builders, which boosted cleaning efficacy, also increased the amount of residue left behind when the cleaning solution dried on a surface. Depending on water temperature and hardness, these cleaners could also be difficult to dissolve completely in a bucket of water. Being somewhat hygroscopic powders, they also tended to cake and solidify once their container, usually a cardboard box, was opened. 

Joseph Ponessa, Ph.D., Rutgers Cooperative Extension, personal interview, June 1996 Laboratory Study of Lead Cleaning Efficacy, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, Chemical Management Division, Technical Programs Branch, 1997. 

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