Clean Water Act Amendments

TCE is designated as a hazardous substance under Section 311(b) (2) (A) of the Eederal Water Pollution Control Act and is further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. 

In the United States, the Clean Air Act of 1970 imposed limitations on composition of new fuels, and as such methanol-containing fuels were required to obtain Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) waivers. Upon enactment of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977, EPA set for waiver unleaded fuels containing 2 wt % maximum oxygenates excluding methanol (0.3 vol % maximum). Questions regarding methanol s influence on emissions, water separation, and fuel system components were raised (80). 

Glean Water Act. The Water QuaUty Act of 1987 and Clean Water Act of 1977 amended the Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, and are known collectively as the Clean Water Act (CWA). Their objective is to restore and maintain the integrity of U.S. waters. There are spill prevention, control, and containment requirements with which to comply. It requires replacement of older storage tanks or installation of double bottoms or seals. 

The two main federal agencies involved in the protection of human health and the environment are the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). EPA s principal concern is the protection of the environment, in most cases, the area outside of an industrial faciUty. There are 10 regional offices that carry out the regulatory functions of the agency (Table 1). Primary laws covered by EPA are the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA), the Clean Water Act (CWA), Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and LiabiUty Act (CERCLA), Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), and Eederal Insecticide, Eungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). 

Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA) was passed. This act and its various amendments are often referred to as tne Clean Water Act (CWA). It provided loans for treatment plant construction and temporary authority for federal control of interstate water pollution. The enforcement powers were so heavily dependent on the states as... 

U.S. Congress. 1977. Eederal water pollution control act, as amended by the clean water act of 1977. U.S. Congress. Public Law 95-217. December 28, 1977. 

Kahl JS, Stoddard JL, Haeuber R, Paulsen SG, Bimbaum R, Deviney FA, Webb JR, Dewalle DR, Sharpe W, Driscoll CT, Herlihy AT, Kellogg JH, Murdoch PS, Roy K, Webster KE, Urquhart NS. 2004. Have U.S. surface waters responded to the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments Environ Sci Technol 38(24) 484A 90A. 

The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA)1-3 and the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA)1 2 4 protect the public from the risks created by past and recent chemical disposal practices. Cleanup of contaminated sites is needed in order to protect human and natural resources, as defined by the Clean Air Act,5 the Clean Water Act,6 the Safe Drinking Water Act,7 and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)89... 

Clean Water Act (CWA) was first enacted in 1948 as the Federal Water Pollution Control Act. Subsequent extensive amendments defined the statute to be known as the CWA in 1972 it was further amended in 1977 and 1987. The CWA provides EPA authority to regulate effluents from sewage treatment works, chemical plants, and other industry sources into U.S. waterways. EPA has recently undertaken control efforts in on-point source pollution as well. 

The Oil Pollution Act of 1924 was the first federal statute prohibiting pollution of waters strictly by oil. As indicated earlier, the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA) of 1972 provided a comprehensive plan for the cleanup of waters polluted by oil spills and intentional or accidental release of oil into the water. The subsequent laws, including the Clean Water Act of 1977 and with its later amendments, provide for regulation of pollution of waters by oil spills and other forms of discharges. These legislations also incorporate certain provisions of the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899, which was intended to prevent any obstruction to the use of navigable waters for interstate commerce. 

New York State [13] and the Federal Clean Water Act, as amended. Specifically, the company was authorized to discharge its treated effluents from the company s facility to a nearby receiving water. Table 5 indicates the final effluent limitations and monitoring requirements specified by the SPDES discharge permit. 

Just as the Clean Water Act has improved water quality in the United States, the Clean Air Act has greatly improved air quality since it was passed in 1967 and amended several times after. States and municipalities must meet the NAAQS or face the loss of federal dollars for road projects. Programs such as vehicle emission inspections, reduction in speed limits, emission permitting, alternative fuels, and use of best available technology have served to clean the nation s air. 

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