Classification, taxonomy

Kirkpatrick (1994) has developed a widely used classification taxonomy of eveiluation levels. Table 2 shows these levels and how they apply to both formative rmd summative evriluation. 

The protein sequence database is also a text-numeric database with bibliographic links. It is the largest public domain protein sequence database. The current PIR-PSD release 75.04 (March, 2003) contains more than 280 000 entries of partial or complete protein sequences with information on functionalities of the protein, taxonomy (description of the biological source of the protein), sequence properties, experimental analyses, and bibliographic references. Queries can be started as a text-based search or a sequence similarity search. PIR-PSD contains annotated protein sequences with a superfamily/family classification. 

Vimses contain either RNA or DNA, and this nucleic acid composition forms the basis for thek classification. Although vimses ate known to infect bactetia, insects, plants, animals, and humans, this discussion is restticted to the important vimses of vertebrates. The relevant vimses ate summarized in Table 2, using the nomenclature and taxonomy recommended by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Vimses (4,5). 

Taxonomy The classification, nomenclature, and laboratory identification of organisms (Do not confuse with taxidermy - stuffing dead animals)... 

The above discussion leads to the conclusion that time-related and demand-related failures for a piece of equipment cannot be equated through a general mathematical relationship. These issues are better dealt with in a data base taxonomy (classification scheme) for equipment reliability data by defining a unique application through equipment description, service description, and failure description. 

Taxonomy number The precise address of the data cell as defined by the classification scheme of the CCPS Taxonomy each successive number indicates a successively lower level in the taxonomy. 

Ideally, maintenance records should be organized by a classification method compatible with the CCPS Taxonomy in Appendix A and the equipment boundaries in Section 5.5, Generic Failure Rate Data Base. It is important to remember that the taxonomy presented was developed to group equipment into classes that are differentiated by their reliability rather than their design characteristics. Records maintained in this fashion allow the analyst to more easily determine the total pieces of equipment and number failures. 

Classification assigning extracted variables to one or more nodes in a taxonomy. 

P.H.A. Sneath and R.R. Sokal, Numerical Taxonomy. The Principles and Practice of Numerical Classification. Freeman, San Francisco, CA, 1973. 

Dickinson, D. N. La Due, M. T. Satomi, M. Winefordner, J. D. Powell, D. H. Venkateswaran, K. MALDI-TOF MS compared with other polyphasic taxonomy approaches for the identification and classification of Bacillus pumilus spores. J. Microbiol. Meth. 2004, 58,1-12. 

Dalgaard, R Manfio, G. R Goodfellow, M. Classification of photobacteria associated with spoilage of fish products by numerical taxonomy and pyrolysis mass spectrometry. Zbl. Bakt. 1997,285,157-168. 

Soil Survey Staff. Soil taxonomy, a basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. U.S. Dept. Agric. Handbook, 436. Washington D.C. Soil Conserv Serv, 1975. 

Determination of categories is directly relevant to the determination of syndromes. The DSM has used a syndromal approach to classification that focuses on the identification of clusters of symptoms that are believed to cooccur with enough regularity that we may call them a syndrome. The authors of the DSM believe that identification of syndromes may reflect something important about etiology, course, and treatment. In other words, the DSM taxonomy is based on the idea that syndromes reflect something about their... 

Other reviews related to this contribution should also be mentioned, in addition to the chapters of this series, which we shall recall later. Some of these deal in general with the problem of classification of indole alkaloids and with chemo-taxonomic investigation (7-5). The chemistry of indole alkaloids is included in the Royal Society of Chemistry s Specialist Periodical Reports and has been extensively reviewed in a one-volume survey edited by J. E. Saxton (6), presenting a reasonably complete, although not exhaustive, picture of the state of the art. Other books on indole alkaloid chemistry treating this area cursorily should also be mentioned (7, 8). Recently, the genus Tabernaemontana was excellently reviewed, particularly with respect to taxonomy, phytochemistry, ethnobotany, and pharmacology (9). 

Soil Survey Staff. Soil Taxonomy A Basic System of Soil Classification for Making and Interpreting Soil Surveys. Washington, DC U.S. Government Printing Office 1975. 

Classifications of data have two purposes (Hartigan, 1983 Gordon, 1981) data simplification (also called a descriptive function) and prediction. Simplification is necessary because there is a limit to both the volume and complexity of data that the human mind can comprehend and deal with conceptually. Classification allows us to attach a label (or name) to each group of data, to summarize the data (that is, assign individual elements of data to groups and to characterize the population of the group), and to define the relationships between groups (that is, develop a taxonomy). 

Prediction, meanwhile, is the use of summaries of data and knowledge of the relationships between groups to develop hypotheses as to what will happen when further data are collected (as when more animals or people are exposed to an agent under defined conditions) and as to the mechanisms which cause such relationships to develop. Indeed, classification is the prime device for the discovery of mechanisms in all of science. A classic example of this was Darwin s realization that there were reasons (the mechanisms of evolution) behind the differences and similarities in species which had caused Linaeus to earlier develop his initial modem classification scheme (or taxonomy) for animals. 

Shreve1s classification of unit processes is very different and actually very brief seven broad types of reactions suffice to cover the whole set of unit processes. He then devotes the overwhelming part of his classification to the series of variables needed to undertake the systematic study of a given unit process. In other words, Shreve seems to be treating a taxonomy as if it were a kind of checklist needed to operate a... 

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