Nucleic acid composition

Fig. 2. (a) Map of pUC19, a commonly used plasmid vector where the numbers correspond to the positions of the various restriction enzyme cuts and (b) nucleic acid composition of pUC19 from position 393 (5 -end) through position 469 (3 -end) (5,7). 

Vimses contain either RNA or DNA, and this nucleic acid composition forms the basis for thek classification. Although vimses ate known to infect bactetia, insects, plants, animals, and humans, this discussion is restticted to the important vimses of vertebrates. The relevant vimses ate summarized in Table 2, using the nomenclature and taxonomy recommended by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Vimses (4,5). 

Nucleic acid analysis. Methods that analyse the microbial community from nucleic acid composition are based on use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Universal forward and reverse primers are used in combination with PCR to amplify species-specific DNA fragments (usually the 16S subunit of ribosomal DNA) from samples isolated directly from soil. Samples then are separated... 

Some viruses also have a lipid membrane, called a viral envelope, surrounding the nucleocapsid. The envelope is derived from the host-cell plasma membrane. Viruses have been classified based on both the type of viral-particle packaging (nucleocapsid, viral envelope, etc.), and on the nucleic-acid composition (RNA or DNA) of the viral genome. 

Numerous polymer-nucleic acid composites have been investigated in animal studies. The polymer systems that are most used are variations of PEI, polylysine, dendrimers, and a few others. There are also systems that are from natural polymers such as chitosan and atelocollagen. Here, a single system is outlined to show how some of the issues illustrated above are translated from the level of transfections in cdls to the treatment of humans in the clinic (the following discussion is adapted from the presentation by Davis" ). 

Nucleic acids Composite materitils based on ICPs, CNTs and metal NPs [203, 217, 218]... 

We start this chapter by briefly describing nucleic acid composition and structure. Nucleic acids have several different forms or structures, depending on their biological function. These forms can be controlled (or preserved if desired) through chemical and temperature control. 

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