Class IC Liquid

Class IC liquids with flashpoints at or above 73°F and below 100°F. Examples of Class IC flammable liquids are turpentine and n-butyl acetate (NFPA Diamond 3). 

Class IC includes those liquids having flash points at or above 296 K (73°F) and below311 K (100°F). 

There were good intentions when a small chemical terminal in Savannah, Georgia, that supplied the paper and pulp industry decided to change their product mix. Their terminal was to be converted from handling all nonflammable chemicals to storing large quantities of flammable crude sulfate turpentine (CST). Crude sulfate turpentine is an impure form of turpentine produced as a byproduct of the Kraft pulping process. It is classified as a Class IC flammable liquid. 

For the first years of operation there were no flammables in the area. However, the company changed its strategy and started storing Class IC flammable liquids (crude sulfate turpentine) several months before the fire. Specific safety systems were requested by the permitting agencies. These safety requests were accepted by the owners. However, several safety systems were incompletely installed or not installed by the time of the incident. 

Flammable and combustible liquids can be designated as Class IA, IB, IC, II, IIIA, or IIIB by the classification system of NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code. Class IA liquids are considered the most hazardous and Class IIIB the least hazardous. This classification system is based upon the closed-cup flash point temperature and with Class IA and Class IB liquids also the boiling point temperature of the liquid. Liquids are considered flammable if their flash points are below 100°F (37.8°C) and combustible if their flash points are at or above 100°F (37.8°C). 

Class IC flammable liquid—Flash point at or above 73°F and below 100°F... 

Class lA flammable liquid Flash point below 73°F and boiling point below 100°F Class IB flammable liquid Flash point below 73°F and boiling point at or above 100°F Class IC flammable liquid Flash point at or above 73°F and below 100°F Class 11 combustible liquid Flash point at or above 100°F and below 140°F Class IIIA combustible liquid Flash point at or above 140°F and below 200°F Class IIIB combustible liquid Flash point at or above 200°F... 

As generally defined by National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, it is any liquid that has a closed-cup flash point defined as at or above 37.8°C (100°F). Combustible liquids are classified as Class II or Class III and flammable liquids are classed as lA, IB, or IC. Class II liquid Any liquid tested with a flash point defined as at or above 37.8°C (100°F) and below 60°C (140°F). Class IIIA Any liquid tested with a flash point defined as at or above 60°C (140°F), but below 93°C (200°F). Class IIIB Any liquid tested with a flash point defined as at or above 93°C (200°F). See also Flammable Liquid. 

As defined by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, any liquid having a flash point below 37.8°C (100°F), except any mixture having components with flash points of 37.8°C (100°F) or higher, the total of which make up 99 percent or more of the total volume of the mixture. Flammable liquids are known as Class I liquids. Class I liquids are divided into three classes lA, IB, and IC. Class LA includes liquids having flash points below 22.8°C (73°F) and a boiling point below 37.8°C (100°F). Class IB includes liquids having flash points below 22.8°C (73°F) and a boiling point at or above 37.8°C (100°F). 

We end this chapter with a very brief account of a new class of liquid crystal polymers, i.e. discotic polymers [118-126]. The basic monomer units are discotic mesogen-ic moieties, which are components of the polymer main chain itself or are attached to the polymer backbone as side groups. A few examples are shown as structures 14-16. Besides the columnar phase, some new types of mesophase have been identified. A... 

One of the most important challenges before modern chemistry is to understand the nature of processes responsible for the formation of complex multi-component structures. Such assemblies are synthesized with the intention of obtaining products with desired properties and potentially being used as molecular machines [ 1 ]. There are several classes of compounds which can form multi-component structures [2], and inclusion complexes (ICs) are one of the most important. Synthetic procedures and structural studies of inclusion compounds have been exhaustively discussed and described in several textbooks [3]. The nature of host-guest interactions, the spatial arrangement of components, and the character of inter-molecular contacts have been analyzed different techniques in the liquid and solid phase [4]. 

The liquid chemical developers that have been in use in the IC industry are basic, aqueous solutions. The main two classes are the buffered metal-ion-containing (e.g., sodium metasilicate) and the metal-ion-free (MIF) developers (e.g., aqueous solutions of TMAH). Both classes of developers are typically formulated with additives such as surfactants to improve wetting.The buffered systems can be used at lower pH for the same normality, and thus offer better... 

The last step was to add with a 5(XX) rpm stirring rate the hydrophobic silica to the creamy liquid at W"C. This step Hogressiveiy turned the liquid into a paste and eventually into a fluid powder, the dry ads< bed emulsion (Fig. IC>. This procedure is covered by a French patent (2). The powder was sieved and three particle. size classes were obtained (315-800 pm (25 2% in weight of... 

IC-MS has also been applied for the characterization of ionic liquids (IL) and for the investigation of their long-term stability under process-like conditions. The term ionic liquid commonly refers to a class of molten salts that are by definition liquid below 100 °C. They usually consist of bulky organic cations such as alkylated imidazole, pyrrole, or pyridine derivatives, or quatemized alkyl amines and alkyl phosphines. Common counterions are halides, alkyl sulfates, fluorinated hydrocarbons, carboxylic acids, or amino acids [268]. The physical and chemical properties of ILs are customizable by different cation-anion combinations and by the length of the alkyl chain of the cation. Depending on the... 

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