Big Chemical Encyclopedia

Chemical substances, components, reactions, process design ...

Articles Figures Tables About

Clarifiers characteristics

Clarify characteristics of the sources and calculation methods for calculation of local loads. [Pg.21]

Linda and Heidi demonstrate how DCM sessions with students, faculty, and staff help educators identify and clarify characteristics of good writing in their specific places. By grounding their DCM work in their particular institutional context, Linda and Heidi foreground the evaluative dynamic among themselves, the dean, and their colleagues, and in the process, illustrate how local context functions in all DCM undertakings. Stations... [Pg.19]

In this review article, we wish to summarize theoretical studies of o-bond activation reactions through oxidative addition and metathesis, to clarify characteristic features of several important o-bond activation reactions, and to present general and deep understanding of the o-bond activation. In the last section, we will report several recent theoretical studies of catalytic reactions including the o-bond activation. [Pg.33]

Sedimentation Equipment. Centrifugal sedimentation equipment is usually characterized by limiting flow rates and theoretical settling capabihties. Feed rates in industrial appHcations may be dictated by Hquid handling capacities, separating capacities, or physical characteristics of the soHds. Sedimentation equipment performance is illustrated in Figure 8 on the basis of nominal clarified effluent flow rates and the appHcable values. The... [Pg.405]

Suspended Solids Removal. Depending on the concentration and characteristics of the suspended soflds, they can be removed by filtration, flotation, or sedimentation. Coarse soflds are removed by screening. Settleable suspended soflds are removed in a clarifier, which may be circular or rectangular. The efficiency of soflds removal is a function of the overflow rate (m /-d (gal/ft -d) as shown in Figure 5. [Pg.182]

Detention efficiency. Conversion from the ideal basin sized by detention-time procedures to an actual clarifier requires the inclusion of an efficiency factor to account for the effects of turbulence and nonuniform flow. Efficiencies vaiy greatly, being dependent not only on the relative dimensions of the clarifier and the means of feeding but also on the characteristics of the particles. The cui ve shown in Fig. 18-83 can be used to scale up laboratoiy data in sizing circular clarifiers. The static detention time determined from a test to produce a specific effluent sohds concentration is divided by the efficiency (expressed as a fraction) to determine the nominal detention time, which represents the volume of the clarifier above the settled pulp interface divided by the overflow rate. Different diameter-depth combinations are considered by using the corresponding efficiency factor. In most cases, area may be determined by factors other than the bulksettling rate, such as practical tank-depth limitations. [Pg.1679]

Torque Rating The choice of torque rating has been discussed earlier. Torque is a function of such factors as quantity and quality of underflow (therefore, of such parameters as particle characteristics and flocculant dosage that affect underflow character), unit area, and rake speed but, in the final analysis, torque must be specified on the basis of experience modified by these factors. Unless one is experienced in a given apphcation, it is wise to consult a thickener or clarifier manufacturer. [Pg.1691]

Slurry characteristics determine whether a clarifying or a cake filter is appropriate and if the latter, they determine the rate of formation anci nature of the cake. They affect the choice of driving force and cycle as well as specific design of machine. [Pg.1722]

Soft solids, most of which are biological waste such as sewage, are difficult to convey up the beach. Annular baffles or dams have been commonly used to provide a pool-level difference wherein the pool is deeper upstream of the baffle toward the clarifier and lower downstream of the baffle toward the beach. The pool-level difference across the baffle, together with the differential speed, provide the driving force to convey the compressible sludge up the beach. This has been used effectively in thickening of waste-activated sludge and in some cases of fine clay with dilatant characteristics. [Pg.1732]

We have reviewed the electronic properties of CNTs probed by magnetic measurements. MW- and SWCNTs can individually be produced, however, the parameters of CNTs are uncontrollable, such as diameter, length, chirality and so on, at the present stage. Since the features of CNTs may depend on the synthesis and purification methods, some different experimental observation on CNT properties has been reported. It is important, however, that most of papers have clarified metallic CNTs are actually present in both MW- and SWCNTs. The characteristic of CESR of SWCNTs is different from that on non-annealed MWCNTs, but rather similar to that on annealed multi-walled ones. The relationship of the electronic properties between SW- and MWCNTs has not yet been fully understood. The accurate control in parameter of CNTs is necessary in order to discuss more details of CNTs in future. [Pg.86]

The last class of models, which are widely used to describe amphiphilic systems, comprises the phenomenological models. As opposed to all the previous models, they totally ignore the fact that amphiphilic fluids are composed of particles, and describe them by a few mesoscopic quantities. In doing so, they offer the possibility of clarifying the interrelations between different behaviors on a very general level, and of studying universal characteristics which are independent of the molecular details. [Pg.665]

Another issue that can be clarified with the aid of numerical simulations is that of the recombination profile. Mailiaras and Scott [145] have found that recombination takes place closer to the contact that injects the less mobile carrier, regardless of the injection characteristics. In Figure 13-12, the calculated recombination profiles arc shown for an OLED with an ohmic anode and an injection-limited cathode. When the two carriers have equal mobilities, despite the fact that the hole density is substantially larger than the electron density, electrons make it all the way to the anode and the recombination profile is uniform throughout the sample. [Pg.233]

This is the characteristic pattern of an explanation. It begins with a Why question that asks about a process that is not well understood. An answer is framed in terms of a process that is well understood. In our example, the origin, of gas pressure in the balloon is the process we wish to clarify. It is difficult even to sense the presence of a gas. The air around us usually cannot be seen, tasted, nor smelled (take away smog) it cannot be heard or felt if there is no wind. So we attempt to explain the properties of a gas in terms of the behavior of billiard balls. These objects are readily seen and felt their behavior has been thoroughly studied and is well understood. [Pg.7]

Barkla, originally interested mainly in v-ray scattering, discovered characteristic x-rays by an experimental method similar in principle to that described above. His experimental arrangement (Figure 1-7) is reminiscent of that used today in studies of the Raman effect. By using an absorber in the form of sheets (Figure 1-7) to analyze the scattered beam in the manner of Figure 1-4, he obtained results that clarified the earlier experiments described above. [Pg.13]

Most of heat transfer correlations are based on data obtained in flow boiling from relatively large diameter conduits and the predictions from these correlations show considerable variability. Effects of superficial liquid and gas velocity on heat transfer in gas-liquid flow and its connection to flow characteristics were studied by Hetsroni et al. (1998a,b, 2003b), Zimmerman et al. (2006), Kim et al. (1999), and Ghajaret al. (2004). However these investigation were carried out for tubes of D = 25—42 mm. These data, as well as results presented by Bao et al. (2000) in tubes of L> = 1.95 mm and results obtained by Hetsroni et al. (2001), Mosyak and Hetsroni (1999) are discussed in the next sections to clarify how gas and liquid velocities affect heat transfer. Effects of the channel size and inclination are considered. [Pg.234]

To clarify the characteristics of AMDase, the effects of some additives were examined using phenylmalonic acid as the representative substrate. The addihon of ATP and coenzyme A did not enhance the rate of the reaction, different from the case of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase and others in those, ATP and substrate acid form a mixed anhydride, which in turn reacts with coenzyme A to form a thiol ester of the substrate. In the present case, as both ATP and CoA-SH had no effect, the mechanism of the reaction will be totally different from the ordinary one described above. It is well estabhshed that avidin is a potent inhibitor of the formation of the biotin-enzyme complex. In the case of AMDase, addition of avidin has no influence on the enzyme activity, indicating that AMDase is not a biotin enzyme. [Pg.311]

As already noted, intense bimodal volcanic activity occurred in the Kuroko mine area at middle Miocene age and dacitic and basaltic rocks suffered hydrothermal alteration. The midoceanic ridges basalt (MORE) is widespread and sometimes hydrothermally altered. Shikazono et al. (1995) compared hydrothermally altered basalt from the Kuroko mine area and MORE and clarified the differences in the characteristics of these basaltic rocks. [Pg.371]

Molecular study of lipid bilayer interfaces is necessary for a better understanding of the membrane-drug interaction and DD into biomembranes. The points to be clarified are (1) How can we determine DD sites at the bilayer interface (2) What kind of method is advantageous (3) Is it possible to unambiguously specify the bilayer interfacial portion coupled with drugs (4) What are most important characteristics of DD at the bilayer interface In order to answer these important questions, this chapter has been planned. We will emphasize the significance of the molecular level information obtainable from NMR studies. [Pg.772]

The purpose of this monograph, the first to be dedicated exclusively to the analytics of additives in polymers, is to evaluate critically the extensive problemsolving experience in the polymer industry. Although this book is not intended to be a treatise on modem analytical tools in general or on polymer analysis en large, an outline of the principles and characteristics of relevant instrumental techniques (without hands-on details) was deemed necessary to clarify the current state-of-the-art of the analysis of additives in polymers and to accustom the reader to the unavoidable professional nomenclature. The book, which provides an in-depth overview of additive analysis by focusing on a wide array of applications in R D, production, quality control and technical service, reflects the recent explosive development of the field. Rather than being a compendium, cookery book or laboratory manual for qualitative and/or quantitative analysis of specific additives in a variety of commercial polymers, with no limits to impractical academic exoticism (analysis for its own sake), the book focuses on the fundamental characteristics of the arsenal of techniques utilised industrially in direct relation... [Pg.828]

Overall, each of these KBS approaches has its place, depending on the needs of the problem and the characteristics of the process. However, the advantages, limitations, and roles of the various methods must be clarified so that problem-solving efficiency can be achieved along with the ability to reach correct conclusions despite challenging circumstances knowledge that is incomplete data that are incomplete, unreliable, or extremely plentiful or situations that are untested or completely unanticipated. [Pg.71]

Based on the test results, improvements in the hydraulic characteristics of the plant alone are very attractive, with the Krofta Supracell clarifier in a secondary flotation position (see Figure 27.12). [Pg.1177]


See other pages where Clarifiers characteristics is mentioned: [Pg.225]    [Pg.365]    [Pg.218]    [Pg.225]    [Pg.365]    [Pg.218]    [Pg.111]    [Pg.147]    [Pg.375]    [Pg.413]    [Pg.92]    [Pg.472]    [Pg.486]    [Pg.1691]    [Pg.595]    [Pg.233]    [Pg.136]    [Pg.24]    [Pg.197]    [Pg.329]    [Pg.47]    [Pg.122]    [Pg.479]    [Pg.1178]    [Pg.1183]    [Pg.1244]    [Pg.108]    [Pg.124]    [Pg.596]    [Pg.153]    [Pg.153]    [Pg.157]    [Pg.97]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.160 ]




SEARCH



Clarifier

Clarifiers

Clarifiers design characteristics

© 2024 chempedia.info