Cisplatin cancer chemotherapy drug

E the introduction of different ligands in the amine complexes increases E according to the order I < CN < SCN < Br < Cl < NO2 [159, 160]. Finally, we mention the famous cisplatin, cis-Pt(NH3)Cl2, which is a very powerful cancer chemotherapy drug [161]. Its effect was discovered by Rosenberg [162] accidentally when he investigated the influence of electric field on living cells. He used supposedly inert platinum electrodes to study the suspension of live Escherichia coli bacteria. It was found that, as a consequence of dissolution of Pt, cisplatin was formed which had a devastating effect on the bacteria. 

Cisplatin, (ds-[PtCl2(NH3)2], also known as cis-DDP) ((1), Figure 2) is perhaps the best known example of a small molecule metal-containing drug. The clinically used platinum complexes are shown in Figure 2. The history of the discovery and development of cisplatin remains a remarkable scientific story.33 Its use and effectiveness in cancer chemotherapy since the entry into the clinic in the late 1970s has been thoroughly documented.34-36 Cisplatin is cited for treatment of... 

This is an unusual drug in that it contains a metal atom, platinum (Pt) in this case. Cisplatin reacts with DNA to cross-link bases, disrupting normal DNA structure and function. This agent has found broad use in cancer chemotherapy, including efficacy in tumors of the testis, ovary, bladder, head and neck, thyroid, cervix, and endometrium. It is also active against neuroblastoma and osteogenic sarcoma. 

Finally, the ability of aprepitant to block emesis, a therapeutically relevant endpoint for the ultimate clinical application of the drug, as discussed below, was tested in the presence of several emetogens in the ferret. This species is believed to be a valid animal model for cancer chemotherapy-induced emesis in humans. Aprepitant (1) effectively blocked retching and vomiting due to cisplatin, apomorphine, and morphine at a dose of 3.0 mg/kg p.o. and 0.3 mg/kg i.v. (in the case of cisplatin).8... 

Cisplatin has become one of the most widely used chemotherapy drugs. The mechanism of action relies on the ability of the drug to modify the DNA structure in cancer cells, hence causing their apoptosis. However, it presents severe toxicity and its anticancer activity is limited to a small group of tumor cell types. In further development, several... 

Ocular effects, including optic neuritis, papilledema, and retrobulbar neuritis, are uncommon adverse effects of cisplatin-containing cancer chemotherapy. The risk of retinal toxicity is restricted to high-dose cisplatin therapy (for example 200 mg/m over 5 days) and can result in blurred vision and altered color perception, which can persist for several months. In contrast to cisplatin, carbo-platin is seldom involved in drug-induced visual disturbances. In two cases there was a relation between the administration of carboplatin (800-1200 mg/m ) and the occurrence of chnical cortical blindness (122). However, both patients had impaired renal function before the start of therapy with carboplatin. 

Plasma concentrations of antiepileptic drugs (for example carbamazepine, valproic acid, phenytoin) should be measured more frequently during cisplatin-containing cancer chemotherapy (266,267). 

Major risk factors for renal toxicity in cancer patients include nephrotoxic chemotherapy drugs, age, nutritional status, concurrent use of other nephrotoxic drugs (e.g., aminoglycoside antibiotics), and preexisting renal dysfunction. Drugs with a high risk for renal toxicity include cisplatin, ifosfamide,... 

Blommaert, F. A., Michael, C., Terheggen, P. M. A. B Muggiam, F. M Kortes, V., Chomagel, J. H., Hart, A. A. M., and Den Engelse, L. (1993) Drug-induced DNA modification of buccal cells of cancer patients receiving carboplatin and cisplatin combination chemotherapy, as determined by an immunocytochemical method inter-individual variation and correlation with disease response. Cancer Res. 53, 5669. 

Cis-dichlorodiammine platinum (11), or cisplatin, has emerged as a principal chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of drug resistant sohd tumors and is currently on of the most widely used agents in the cancer chemotherapy [1]. Nephrotoxicity is the primary lim-... 

Chemotherapy is the standard treatment, with or without radiation, when the cancer has spread to other parts of the body. The drugs approved to treat testicular cancer, including ifosfamide, etoposide, vinblastine, bleomycin, and cisplatin. Cisplatin usually is given in combination with bleomycin and etoposide or other chemotherapy drugs following surgery or radiation therapy. 

In a critical study at the University of Rochester Medical Center in New York, researchers directly linked chemotherapy to brain cell death in humans and rodents. Biomedical geneticist Mark D. Noble, Ph.D., and his colleagues reported that three chemotherapy drugs commonly used to treat cancer (carmustine, cisplatin, and cytara-bine) may be more toxic to healthy brain cells than to the cancer cells they are meant to destroy. They cultured human brain cells after exposing them to the drugs and also looked at how multiple human cancer cell lines, such as uterine and breast, reacted to the compounds. They found that typical doses of these drugs killed 70 to 100 percent of the brain cells but just 40 to 80 percent of the cancer cells. 

---