CIRCULATING WATER

The water used in the transducer bubbler system was changed from re-circulated water to water only used once. 

For circulating water through a refractometer any commercial water circulating pump may be used.J... 

Requirements for space suits are more complex and frequently involve garments that can circulate water and/or air through the fibrous assembly. Laminated and/or coated garments with specific requirements to pressure, radiation, temperature, and humidity are more stmcturaHy complex as a textile product relative to the types of fibers used in this aerospace fabrication. 

A common form of turbine pump is the vertical pump, which has the pump element mounted at the bottom of a column that serves as the discharge pipe (see Fig. 10-46). Such units are immersed in the liquid to be pumped and are commonly used for wells, condenser circulating water, large-volume drainage, etc. Another form of the pump has a shell surrounding the pumping element which is connected to the intake pipe. In this form, the pump is used on condensate service in power plants and for process work in oil refineries. 

Blowdown discards a portion of the concentrated circulating water due to the evaporation process in order to lower the system solids concentration. The amount of blowdown can be calculated according to the number of cycles of concentration required to limit scale formation. Cycles of concentration are the ratio of dissolved sohds in the recirculating water to dissolved solids in the makeup water. Since chlorides remain soluble on concentration, cycles of concentration are best expressed as the ratio of the chloride content of the circulating and makeup waters. Thus, the blowdown quantities required are determined from... 

Thermal power plant auxiliaries such as flow control of primary air fan, ID fan and forced-draught fans, boiler feed pumps circulating water pumps and condensate pumps, coal handling plant (e.g. ball mill, wagon tippler, and stacker reclaimer)... 

These applications have considerably more stringent performance requirements than any other application. Circulating water pumps, boiler feed pumps, forced-draught (FD) and induced-draught (ID) fans, pulverizers (ball mills) and condensate pumps are components in a thermal power station that may require extra safety in a standard motor to make it able to fulfil these requirements and withstand abnormal service conditions and system disturbances. Abnormal operating conditions may be one or more of the following ... 

Coil condenser. An open tube, into which is sealed a glass coil or spiral through which water circulates. The tube is sometimes also surrounded by an outer cooling Jacket. A double coil condenser has two inner coils with circulating water. 

Fig. 2-9 Relation between potential and corrosion rate of a plain carbon steel in slowly circulating water. Definition of symbols ...

Blowdown (Purge) The continuous or intermittent wasting of small amounts of circulating water. Its purpose is to prevent an increase in the concentration of solids in the water due to evaporation, normally expressed as a percentage of the water being circulated. 

Concentration Cycles Comparison of dissolved solids in makeup water with solids concentration in the circulating water. 

In June 1972, at Quad Cities Unit 1, a rupture in the circulating-water system caused the rapid flooding of a room containing a number of pumps for different systems. The equipment damaged... 

A similar flood occurred at Three Mile Island Unit 1 in April, 1977, caused by a leak in the circulating-water system casing of one of the circulating-water pumps. However, because of the plant s layout, damage was confined to the six circulating-water pumps and did not affec y other systems (Verna, 1981). 

Very lar e - Hundreds of thousands of gallons (e.g., floods involving circulating-water or. service-water piping). 

Flood Event Frequency Estimates were developed from flooding events in nuclear power plants with adjustments for plant-specific features and data. The data were from the IPE Surry flood analysis, industry sources, and licensing event reports (LERs). Some plant specific models were developed for the circulating water (CW) and service water (SW) lines... 

Condenser Controls. .Miscellaneous (Condensing System). Circulating Water. System. Condensate Sysrem. . Pumpa, Piping and Valves. .Low/Tnter. Press- Heater/Oeaerators 3350-3352. .Polishers/Chemical Addle Ion 3360-3399. .Miscellaneous (Condensate System) 3901-3999. Feedwater System 3501-3509. Heater Drain Systems 3520-3529. Entractlon Steam. Electrical. Auxiliary Systems. .Service Water (Open System)... 

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