Ciliary ganglion neurons

Bruses JL, Oka S, Rutishauser U. 1995. NCAM-associated polysialic acid on ciliary ganglion neurons is regulated by polysialytransferase levels and interaction with muscle. J Neurosci 15 8310-8319,... 

There is indeed evidence that subunit combinations even more complex than the ones outlined above do form in native neurons (the list that follows is by no means exhaustive). For instance, immunoprecipitation showed that a fraction of the major type of nicotinic receptor in ciliary ganglion neurons (ac3/34a 5) also contains jS2 subunits (128). Evidence for the formation of nicotinic receptors containing four different subunits ( 4, P2, P3, and ]84) also comes from work on CNS-type subunits by Forsayeth and Kobrin (127). Finally, in autonomic neurons, another major type of nicotinic receptor is based on a7 subunits and consists of more than one pharmacological class of receptors one class resembles the recombi-... 

These experiments were the first to demonstrate that the development of a presumably committed population of neural crest cells can be directly manipulated by culture conditions. The continued proliferation of the cells under one set of conditions indicates that the precursors can still divide, and the observation that they will all differentiate into ChAT-positive neuron-like cells suggests that they are indeed neuronal precursor cells. The conditions used to stimulate the differentiation of the cells are the same which promote the survival and/or cholinergic development of ciliary ganglion neurons. This reinforces the idea that the subpopulation of neural crest cells used in this study represents ciliary neuron precursors (Barald,... 

Barald, K.F. (1988a) Monoclonal antibodies made to chick mesencephalic neural crest cells and to ciliary ganglion neurons identify a common antigen on the neurons and a neural crest subpopulation. J. Neurosci. Res. 21 107-118. 

Leung, D.W., Parent, A.S., Cachianes, G., Esch, F., Cou-lombe, J.N., Nikolics, K., Eckenstein, F.P. and Nishi, R. (1992) Cloning, expression during development, and evidence for release of a trophic factor for ciliary ganglion neurons. Neuron 8 KM5-1053. 

Cloning, expression during development, and evidence for release of a trophic factor for ciliary ganglion neurons. Neuron 8 1045-1053. 

Nishi, R. and Berg, D.K. (1977) Dissociated ciliary ganglion neurons in vitro survival and synapse formation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74 5171-5175. 

The cell bodies of parasympathetic preganglionic neurons are located in the brainstem and the sacral spinal cord. Parasympathetic outflow is channeled from the brainstem (1) through the third cranial nerve (oculomotor n.) via the ciliary ganglion to the eye (2) through the seventh cranial nerve (facial n.) via the pterygopalatine and submaxillary... 

In spite of these similarities, the post-synaptic neurotoxins can be defined as either a-neurotoxins or x-neurotoxins according to functional differences. The a-neurotoxins, of which over ninety have been identified, bind to the neuromuscular subtype of nAChR (K[Pg.293]

Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is a naturally occurring protein with a molecular mass of approximately 22 kDa. It was initially identified by its ability to support the survival of parasympathetic neurons of the chick ciliary ganglion in vitro (Adler et al., 1979) and subsequently purified to homogeneity from sciatic nerves (Lin et al., 1989 Stbckli et al., 1989). CNTF enhances the survival of... 

Manthorpe, M. and Varon, S. (1985) Regulation of neuronal survival and neurite growth in the avian ciliary ganglion by trophic factors. In G. Guroff (Ed.), Growth and Maturation Factors, Vol. 3, Wiley, New York, pp. 77-117. 

The retina extends forward to the sclera as a globe-shaped wineglass almost external to the skull. That part of the sclera devoid of retina is the pars planar, which is used as an access point for injection or for close delivery to the iris and ciliary body (ICB). When stripped from its basement membrane and opened out, the collapsed retina is a circular disk approximately 42 mm in diameter and 0.5 mm in thickness. The organization of the retina is based on a three-neuron chain (photoreceptor cell-bipolar cell-ganglion cell) and accompanying cells (horizontal, amacrine, and Muller cells)... 

---