Neurite growth

Within the nervous system, ChEs were shown to be involved in membrane conductance and transmission of excitatory amino acids, learning and memory, neurite growth, neuritic translocation and acute stress reactions. Recent findings propose AChE s involvement in apoptosome formation [2]. 

Rauvala, H., Pihlaskari, R., Laitinin, J., Merenmies, J. (1989). Extracellular adhesive molecules in neurite growth. Biosci. Rep. 9, 1—12. 

If immune reactions are to be avoided then recombinant human factor should be used and that cannot be produced in large quantities. In any case, it is a large protein that will have to be injected directly into the brain. Even if these problems can be overcome the spread and intensity of any NGF effect has to be restricted so that excessive neuritic growth and inappropriate increases in synaptic connections do not occur. 

Radad K, Gille G, Moldzio R, Saito H, Ishige K, Rausch WD. Ginsenosides Rbl and Rgl effects on survival and neurite growth of MPP +-affected mesencephalic dopaminergic cells. J Neural Transm 2004 111 37-45. 

En route to the total synthesis oftashironin (7-114a) and the debenzoylated compound 7-114b, which shows an interesting promotion of neurite growth, Danishefsky and coworkers have developed a domino oxidative dearomatization/trans-annular Diels-Alder reaction [54]. In this line, treatment of 7-115 with phenyl-iodine(III) diacetate (PIDA) led to an intermediate 7-116, which immediately underwent a transannular Diels-Alder reaction to furnish the complex cycloadducts 7-117 in good yields (Scheme 7.31). 

Sestan, N., Artavanis-Tsakonas, S. and Rakic, P. (1999), Contact-dependent inhibition of cortical neurite growth mediated by Notch signaling , Science, 286, 741-746. 

Central nervous system myelin contains molecules that inhibit neurite growth 520... 

Central nervous system myelin contains molecules that inhibit neurite growth. One of the major obstacles to new neurite outgrowth in the adult CNS is the presence... 

Nogo-A is a potent inhibitor of neurite growth and blocks axonal regeneration in the central nervous system. Early in vitro experiments showed that neurite outgrowth was impeded across a culture dish coated with CNS myelin whereas neurites would actively grow on a... 

Inhibition of neurite growth is mediated through surface receptors and intracellular signaling molecules. 

Ughrin, Y. M., Chen, Z. J. and Levine, J. M. Multiple regions of the NG2 proteoglycan inhibit neurite growth and induce growth cone collapse. /. Neurosci 23 175-186,2003. 

Buffo, A., Zagrebelsky, M., Huber, A. B. et al. Application of neutralizing antibodies against NI-35/250 myelin-associated neurite growth inhibitory proteins to the adult rat cerebellum induces sprouting of uninjured Purkinje cell axons. /. Neurosci. 20 2275-2286, 2000. 

Yuan PX, Huang LD, Jiang YM, Gutkind JS, Manji HK, Chen G (2001) The mood stabilizer valproic acid activates mitogen-activated protein kinases and promotes neurite growth. J Biol Chem 27 34) 31674-31683... 

Neurotrophic factors play a central role in development and maintenance of neuronal cells. After release from the target cells, they bind specific receptors on the nerve termini, are internalized and carried up the axon to the perikaryon by retrograde transport. This process helps guide the direction of neurite growth (i.e. a chemoattractant activity) during neuronal development, and also serves to nourish the developing cell. Once established, the process of retrograde transport must continue if the cell is to survive and remain differentiated. 

Lithium is a monovalent cation that inhibits several steps in phos-phoinositide metabolism, as well as many second and third messengers, including G proteins and protein kinases. Recent evidence suggests that lithium ultimately stimulates neurite growth, regeneration, and neurogenesis, which is likely related to its therapeutic effect (Coyle et al. 2003 Kim et al. 2004). 

Schmidt, C. E., V. R. Shastri, J. P. Vacant , and R. Langer, Stimulation of neurite growth using an electrically-conducting polymer, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 94, 8948-8953 (1997). 

Rusanescu G., Qi H., Thomas S. M., Brugge J. S., and Halegoua S. (1995). Calcium influx induces neurite growth through a Src-Ras signaling cassette. Neuron 15 1415-1425. 

The role of CaMKIy in neurite growth is one of the few physiologically important roles attributed to the CaMKI isoforms. Besides possible roles in cell cycle for CaMKIa and neutrophil activation for CaMKlS (see below), the functions of the other isoforms of CaMKI remain to be determined. Based on the involvement of CaMKIy in neurite growth, it would be interesting to learn whether growth and... 

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