Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations

TREATMENT OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE EXACERBATION... 

Saint S, Bent S, Vittinghoff E, Grady D. Antibiotics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations. A meta-analysis. JAMA 1995 273 957-60. 

Jones PW, Willits LR, Burge PS, Calverley PM. Disease severity and the effect of fluticasone propionate on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations. Eur Respir J 2003 21 68-73. 

Wedzicha JA, Calverley PM, Seemungal TA, Hagan G, Ansari Z, Stockley RA. INSPIRE Investigators. The prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations by salmeterol/fluticasone propionate or tiotropium bromide. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008 177(1) 19-26. 

Mild to moderate acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (CORD) 500 mg/day for 3 days or 500 mg as a single dose on the first day followed by 250 mg once daily on days 2 through 5. 

Barr RG, Rowe BH, Canargo CA Jr. Methylxanthines for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ 2003 20 327 643. 

Keene ON, Jones MR, Lane PW, Anderson J. Analysis of exacerbation rates in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease example from the TRISTAN study. Pharm Stat 2007 6(2) 89-97. 

Temazepam is rarely beneficial in patients with psychoses and may induce paradoxical reactions. It may exacerbate myasthenia gravis, Parkinson s disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Temazepam may decrease plasma levels of haloperidol. 

Fatal Aspergillus myocarditis, probably related to shortterm administration of glucocorticoids, has been described in a 58-year-old man, who had an acute exacerbation of his chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and received oxygen, bronchodilators, omeprazole, co-amoxiclav, and intravenous methylprednisolone 40 mg 8-hourly he died 5 days later and postmortem examination showed a fungal myocarditis (337). 

Buhl R, Farmer SG. Current and future pharmacologic therapy of exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2004 1 136-142. 

Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, edited by N. M. Siafakas, N. R. Anthonisen, and D. Georgopoulos... 

A 69-year-old man developed acute benzodiazepine withdrawal delirium following a short course of flunitrazepam after an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. He was not an alcohol-or drug-abuser and he had not previously taken benzodiazepines. Six days after withdrawal of flunitrazepam he became agitated and confused, and had visual hallucinations, disorganized thinking, insomnia, increased psychomotor activity, disorientation in time and place, and memory impairment. Tachycardia and significant anxiety were also noted. He fulfilled the DSM IV criteria for withdrawal syndrome and delirium, and had spontaneous remission of symptoms within 48 hours. 

There is no evidence that CS causes permanent lung damage after one or several exposures to field concentrations (Blain, 2003). Inhalation of an irritant might be expected to exacerbate underlying pulmonary disease such as asthma, emphysema, or bronchitis. Histories of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease may exacerbate effects from CS (Worthington and Nee, 1999) or CN (Thorbum, 1982). CS may exacerbate ehronic bronchitis or precipitate an attack in known asthmatics (Anonymous, 1971). 

Dales RE. Granulocyte inflammatory markers and airway infection during acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2001 163 349-355. 33. 

Poole P J, Black P N 2001 Oral mucolytic drugs for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. British Medical Journal 322 1271-1274 Rees P J, Dudley F1998 Oxygen therapy in chronic lung disease. British Medical Journal 317 871-874 Rees P ], Dudley F1998 Provision of oxygen at home. 

Nebulizers are generally used to treat acute exacerbations of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Other indications include long-term bronchodilator treatment of chronic airflow obstruction prophylactic treatment for asthma antimicrobial drugs for cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, and HIV/AIDS and symptomatic relief in palliative care. 

Collet J-P, Shapiro S, Ernst P, Renzi P, Ducruet T, Robinson A, P-ISSCaR Group Effects of an Immunostimulating agent on acute exacerbations and hospitalizations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997 156 1719-1724. 

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