Chromatography detection methods

Griffin, P., Jones, K., and Cocker, J., Biological monitoring of polychlorinated biphenyls in plasma a comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and gas chromatography detection methods, Biomarkers, 2, 193-195, 1997. 

LOC systems can also be variously classified based on sample preparation/separation methods (e.g., gelfilteratimi, chromatography), detection methods used (e.g., MS, optical systems, immuno-detection), and appUcatimi (research vs. diagnostics, multiuse vs. single use). 

SERS has also been applied as a sensitive, molecule-specific detection method in chromatography, e.g. thin layer, liquid, and gas chromatography. SERS-active colloids were deposited on the thin layer plates or mixed continuously with the liquid mobile phases. After adsorption of the analytes, characteristic spectra of the fractions were obtained and enabled unambiguous identification of very small amounts of substance. 

To measure gas and water vapor permeability, a film sample is mounted between two chambers of a permeability cell. One chamber holds the gas or vapor to be used as the permeant. The permeant then diffuses through the film into a second chamber, where a detection method such as infrared spectroscopy, a manometric, gravimetric, or coulometric method isotopic counting or gas-liquid chromatography provides a quantitative measurement (2). Die measurement depends on the specific permeant and the sensitivity required. 

Two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. This method is used to verify the presence of terminal 5-sultones, terminal unsaturated y-sultone, and terminal 2-chloro-y-sultone, if they are detected in the gas chromatographic determination. After extraction of the neutral oil from the AOS sample, the neutral oil is made up volumetrically to at least a 10% solution in hexane. Of this solution 3 pi is spotted onto a silica gel TLC plate together with standard sultones. It is twice developed with 2-propyl ether and then after turning the plate 90° twice developed with 60/40 n-butyl chloride/methylene chloride. The... 

This volume is the second of a series of practice-orientated TLC/HPTLC books published in excellent quality by VCH Publishers. As in the first volume, a series of reagents and detection methods have been reviewed with the intention of helping the practical analyst increase the detection specificity of routine samples separated by thin-layer chromatography. 

Jork, H., Funk, W., Fischer, W., Wimmer, H. Thin-layer Chromatography, Reagents and Detection Methods, Vol. 1 a, VCH-Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim, Cambridge, New York, 1990. 

The method of choice for the determination of a- and P-endosulfan in blood, urine, liver, kidney, brain, and adipose tissue is gas chromatography equipped with an electron capture detector (GC/ECD) (Coutselinis et al. 1976 Demeter and Heyndrickx 1979 Demeter et al. 1977 Le Bel and Williams 1986). This is because GC/ECD is relatively inexpensive, simple to operate, and offers a high sensitivity for halogens (Griffith and Blanke 1974). After fractionation of adipose tissue extracts using gel permeation chromatography, detection limits of low-ppb (1.2 ng/g) were achieved for endosulfan and other chlorinated pesticides using GC/ECD (Le Bel and Williams 1986). 

Thin layer chromatography reagents and detection methods / Hellmut Jork... -Weinheim New York Basel Cambridge Tokyo VCH. 

Stahl, E., Ed., Thin-Ixiyer Chromatography, 2nd ed.. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969. Barret, G.C., Nondestructive detection methods in paper and thin layer chromatography, in Advances in Chromatography, Vol. 11, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1974, pp. 145-179. 

Improved high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods have been developed for the analysis of quaternary salt type corrosion inhibitors in brine waters [400]. However, these methods are not suitable for imidazolines and amido-amines. A method based on fluorescence detection has been described for the quantitative analysis of the imidazoline- and amido-amine-type corrosion inhibitors in both oil field water and crude oil samples by HPLC [1174]. 

Multiway and particularly three-way analysis of data has become an important subject in chemometrics. This is the result of the development of hyphenated detection methods (such as in combined chromatography-spectrometry) and yields three-way data structures the ways of which are defined by samples, retention times and wavelengths. In multivariate process analysis, three-way data are obtained from various batches, quality measures and times of observation [55]. In image analysis, the three modes are formed by the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the pixels within a frame and the successive frames that have been recorded. In this rapidly developing field one already finds an extensive body of literature and only a brief outline can be given here. For a more comprehensive reading and a discussion of practical applications we refer to the reviews by Geladi [56], Smilde [57] and Henrion [58]. 

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