Chromatography classifications

K. Grob and M. Biedermann, Vaporising systems for large volume injection or on-line transfer into gas chromatography classification, critical remarks and suggestions , J. Chromatogr. 750 11-23 (1996). 

Centrichromatography, 74 Charge-transfer, 45 Chemisorption, 41, 42 Chiral separations, 261-268 Chiral stationary phases (CSP s), 265-268 Chromatogram, 8 Chromatography classification of, 5 definition of, 4-7 Clathrate, 46... 

Peracid Classification. Peracids can be broadly classified into organic and inorganic peracids, based on standard nomenclature. The limited number of inorganic peracids has required no subclassification scheme (4). However, the tremendous number of new organic peracids developed (85) has resulted in proposals for classification. Eor example, a classification scheme based on Hquid chromatography retention times and critical miceUization constants (CMC) of the parent acids has been proposed (89). The parent acids are used because of the instabiHty of the peracids under chromatographic and miceUization measurement conditions. This classification scheme is shown in Table 1. 

Fig. 1. Classification of chromatographic systems where gsc is gas—soHd chromatography glc, gas—Hquid chromatography sec, size-exclusion chromatography Isc, Hquid—soHd chromatography Uc, Hquid—Hquid chromatography iec, ion-exchange chromatography tic, thin-layer chromatography ...

Two-phase suspension systems produce beaded products with broader particle-size distribution (e.g., 1-50 /rm). The microspherical particles usually need to be classified repeatedly to reduce the particle-size distribution in order to improve the resolution and efficiency in the separation for use in chromatography. The actual classification process depends on the size range involved, the nature of the beaded product, and its intended applications. Relatively large (>50 /rm) and mechanically stable particles can be sieved easily in the dry state, whereas small particles are processed more conveniently in the wet state. For very fine particles (<20 /rm), classification is accomplished by wet sedimentation, countflow setting, countflow centrifugation, or air classification. 

Figure 1, Classification of principal areas of colloidal particle chromatography...

One of the most important problems of planar chromatography is that of the optimization of solvent systems for the separation of mixtures of different samples. An analyst is interested in obtaining the expected result using a minimum number of experiments. Snyder has introduced a new system for solvent classification that permits a logical selection of solvents both in term of polarity indices (F ) and selectivity parameters (Xj), proving theoretically the validity of such universal solvent systems [18,38,41,42]. 

However, not withstanding the above objections, further discussion of the Snyder solvent triangle classification method is justified by its common use in many solvent optimization schemes in liquid chromatography. The polarity index, P, is given by the sum of the logarithms of the polar distribution constants for ethanol, dioxane and nltromethane and the selectivity parameters, X, as the ratio of the polar distribution constant for solute i to... 

Scheme 4.4 Classification of liquid chromatography according to the retention mechanism. After Weston and Brown [365], Reprinted from A. Weston and P.R. Brown, HPLC and CE. Principles and Practice, Academic Press, Copyright (1997), with permission from Elsevier...

AC ADME ANS AUC BA/BE BBB BBM BBLM BCS BLM BSA CE CHO CMC CPC CPZ CTAB CV DA DOPC DPPC DPPH aminocoumarin absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion anilinonaphthalenesulfonic acid area under the curve bioavailability-bioequivalence blood-brain barrier brush-border membrane brush-border lipid membrane biopharmaceutics classification system black lipid membrane bovine serum albumin capillary electrophoresis caroboxaldehyde critical micelle concentration centrifugal partition chromatography chlorpromazine cetyltrimethylammonium bromide cyclic votammetry dodecylcarboxylic acid dioleylphosphatidylcholine dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine diphenylpicrylhydrazyl... 

E Ruckenstein, V Lesins. Classification of liquid chromatographic methods based on the interaction forces The niche of potential barrier chromatography. In A Mizrahi, ed. Advances in Biotechnological Processes, Vol 8 Downstream Processes Equipment and Techniques. New York Alan R. Liss, 1988, pp 241-314. 

Engman, H. Mayfield, H. T. Mar,T. Bertsch, W. Classification of bacteria by pyrolysis-capillary column gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and pattern recognition. I Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 1984, 6,137-156. 

Classification of wines according to the grape variety succeeds better, in general, because there are many more typical bouquet components (several hundreds) than mineral and trace elements being typical for the origin of wine. The organic compounds can be analyzed easily and reliably by Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Capillary Gas Chromatography and afterwards used for classification (De la Calle et al. [1998]). An example... 

H.R. Mottram, S.N. Dudd, G.J. Lawrence, A.W. Stott, R.P. Evershed, New chromatographic, mass spectrometry and stable isotope approaches to the classification of degradated animal fats preserved in archaeological pottery, Journal of Chromatography, 833, 209 221 (1999). 

Liquid chromatography (LC) activated alumina applications, 2 400 adsorption, 1 610-611 of ascorbic acid, 25 760 basic principles, 4 603-606 classification of solvents for, 23 87... 

Dyeing applications, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol in, 12 279 Dyeing theory, 26 394-395 Dyeing transition temperature, 9 159 Dye intermediates, 9 265-298 chemistry, 9 266-291 classification, 9 265-266 economic aspects, 9 293-295 equipment and manufacture, 9 291-293 health and safety factors, 9 295-298 obtained by nitration, 9 2 7 It obtained by sulfonation, 23 525 unit processes, 9 269-283 Dye lasers, 74 702-705 23 144 output characteristics of, 74 705 Dye-ligand affinity chromatography, 6 402 Dye liquor, 9 163 Dye manufacturing... 

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