Chondroitin sulfate matrices

When the collagen-chondroitin sulfate matrix is laid down over an area where skin has been lost, it begins to act like the extracellular matrix normally found there. Extracellular matrix is a complex... 

Villanueva, L, Gladem, S.K., Kessler, J., Bryant, S.J., 2010. Dynamic loading stimulates chondrocyte biosynthesis when encapsulated in charged hydrogels prepared from poly(ethylene glycol) and chondroitin sulfate. Matrix Biology 29, 51-62. 

Chitosan freeze-dried fleeces support chondrocyte attachment and synthesis of extracellular matrix [344]. Chitosan was used to assist the spontaneous tissue repair of the meniscus [345]. The repair of the cartilage and the prevention of its degradation in osteoarthritis is, however, possible with the association of glucosamine sulfate salt and chondroitine sulfate, the latter being particularly effective [346]. 

ECM, extracellular matrix HA, hyaluronic acid CS, chondroitin sulfate KS I, keratan sulfate I DS, dermatan sulfate HS, heparan sulfate. 

CMC (HMW)/ Chondroitin Sulfate A Chitosan CMC oilers water retention, CSA is the extracellular matrix component 17... 

Legendre, F., Bauge, M., Roche, R., Saurel, A. S., and Pujol, J. P. (2008). Chondroitin sulfate modulation of matrix and inflammatory gene expression in IL-l-stimulated chondrocytes-study in hypoxic alginate bead cultures. Osteoarthr. Cartil. 16,105-114. 

Proteoglycans bind to a variety of different proteins and polysaccharides. For example, the large extracellular matrix protein tenascin, which is important to adhesion, cell migration, and proliferation, binds to chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans such as neurocan.225 Syndecan, a transmembrane proteoglycan, carries both chondroitin and heparan sulfate chains, enabling it to interact with a variety of proteins that mediate cell-matrix adhesion.185... 

The first case considered is solute desorption during unconfined compression. We consider a two dimensional plane strain problem, see Fig. 1. A sinusoidal strain between 0 and 15 % is applied at 0.001 Hz, 0.01 Hz, 0.1 Hz and 1 Hz. To account for microscopic solute spreading due to fluid flow a dispersion parameter is introduced. Against the background of the release of newly synthesized matrix molecules the diffusion parameter is set to the value for chondroitin sulfate in dilute solution Dcs = 4 x 10 7 cm2 s-1 [4] The dispersion parameter Dd is varied in the range from 0 mm to 1 x 10 1 mm. The fluid volume fraction is set to v = 0.9, the bulk modulus k = 8.1 kPa, the shear modulus G = 8.9 kPa and the permeability K = lx 10-13m4 N-1 s-1 [14], The initial concentration is normalized to 1 and the evolution of the concentration is followed for a total time period of 4000 s. for the displacement and linear discontinuous. For displacement and fluid velocity a 9 noded quadrilateral is used, the pressure is taken linear discontinuous. 

Chondroitin sulfate was identified in embryonic basement membrane on the basis of studies showing the susceptibility of sulfate-labeled material to chondroitinase and a reaction with monoclonal antibodies (Couchman et al., 1984 Paulsson et al., 1985b). Similarly, Reichert s membrane, endothelial L2, PYS cells, EHS tumor cells, and isolated glomeruli produce variable amounts of these proteoglycan (Oohira et al., 1983 Stow et al., 1983 Oldberg et al., 1981 Tyree et al., 1984 Hassell et al., 1980). The molecule produced by L2 cells (Mr 40K) contains a small protein core with a unique amino acid sequence (Bourdon et al., 1985). It appears that in such systems, little of the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan is deposited in the matrix. 

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