Chondroitin sulfate complex

Chondroitin sulfate complex Papain Glycopeptide Muir (1968) Anderson et al. (1963)... 

M26. Muir, H., The nature of the link between protein and carbohydrate of a chondroitin sulfate complex from hyaline cartilage. Biochem. J. 69, 195-204 (1958). 

Bone sialoprotein has a molecular weight of about 25,000. About 20% of the weight of the protein is sialic acid, an acidic sugar. The protein may aid in the formation of collagen fibers prior to the deposit of minerals. It is thought that osteonectin promotes the adhesion of osteoblasts to unmineralized surfaces. The protein component of the protein-chondroitin sulfate complex of bone has a molecular weight of 45,000, whereas the molecular weight of each of the associated chondroitin sulfate chains is 40,000. The complex, in bone, contains only one or two chains of chondroitin sulfate. 

Sui W, Huang L, Wang J, Bo Q. Preparation and properties of chitosan chondroitin sulfate complex microcapsules. Colloids Surf B. 2008 65 69-73. 

Huang L, Sui W, Wang Y, Jiao Q. Preparation of chitosan/chondroitin sulfate complex microcapsules and application in controlled release of 5-fluorouracil. Carbohydr Polym. 2010 80 168-73. 

The activation of a chemokine receptor is more complex than the traditional agonist-receptor paradigm. For example, chemokine activity is mediated by GAGs (heparin, heparan, and heparin sulfate chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate) at various sites during the chemotactic process. Chemokines released by tissue injury, infection, or inflammation activate adjacent endothelial cells and induce rolling and extravasation of leukocytes. These interactions between... 

The replacement of PBS, or a 0.9% saline solution,by mannitol or sorbitol, of the same osmolarity as is the physiological solution, in order to minimize the charge screening of the polymer complex represents another possible direction to increase the strength of the complex. Matthew et al. [17] have applied a mannitol solution for the encapsulation of hepatocytes, showing that the mixture of CMC and chondroitin sulfate C formed a stable complex with chitosan in the absence of salts. 

Dermatan sulfate is found in the skin, arterial walls, and tendon where it is a part of another proteoglycan complex. It is about the same size as chondroitin sulfate and is also able to form helical conformations. 

Histamine is synthesized from the amino acid histidine by an action of the enzyme histidine decarboxylase (Fig. 38.1). Following synthesis, histamine is either rapidly inactivated or stored in the secretory granules of mast cells and basophils as an inactive complex with proteases and heparin sulfate or chondroitin sulfate. 

The organic substances of the biocrystalline layer include primarily protein-polysaccharide complexes while the contents of water and lipids are low376. Polysaccharides composed of glucosamine, galactosamine, mannose and fucose have been detected. Also chondroitin-sulfate-A and dermatan sulfate have been found368. ... 

The attached polymers undergo enzyme-catalyzed chemical alteration. In dermatan most of the glucu-ronate residues found in chondroitin have been epimer-ized to iduronate and sulfate groups in ester linkages have been added. Chondroitin sulfate is especially abundant in cartilage dermatan sulfate is concentrated in skin. Heparan sulfates are more heterogeneous than the other polymers of this group and have been described as "the most complex polysaccharides on the surface of mammalian cells."110... 

When the collagen-chondroitin sulfate matrix is laid down over an area where skin has been lost, it begins to act like the extracellular matrix normally found there. Extracellular matrix is a complex... 

As noted above, in the intact aggregate (19), or in complexes formed between hyaluronate and proteoglycan monomers with intact chondroitin sulfate chains, the minimum spacing between proteoglycan monomers is 250 A. These observations indicate that the spacing of proteoglycan monomers on hyaluronate is determined by the lengths of chondroitin sulfate chains. 

The problem of mucopolysaccharide impurities will be discussed at the end of Section VI. This is of great importance to considerations of esterlike linkages as ester links may occur in certain mucopolysaccharides. They have been suggested as the chondroitin sulfate-protein links in a complex isolated from cartilage (Muir, 1958). 

The chondroitin sulfate of animal cartilage is largely bound up as a complex with protein which is not derived from collagen (M2). The complex from bovine nasal septa contains 30% protein, 60% chondroitin... 

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