Cholangiocarcinoma cells

Meng F, Henson R, Lang M et al. Involvement of human micro-RNA in growth and response to chemotherapy in human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. Gastroenterology 2006 130 2113-2129. lorio MV, Ferracin M, Liu CG et al. MicroRNA gene expression deregulation in human breast cancer. 

Jaiswal, M., LaRusso, N. F., et al. (2000). Inflammatory cytokines induce DNA damage and inhibit DNA repair in cholangiocarcinoma cells by a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism. Cancer Res 60(1) 184—90. 

The most common type of primary liver tumor is hepatocellular carcinoma other types include cholangiocarcinoma, angiosarcoma, glandular carcinoma, and undifferentiated liver cell carcinoma. Although a wide variety of chemicals are known to induce liver cancer in laboratory animals (Table 14.1), the incidence of primary liver cancer in humans in the United States is very low. 

A 52-year-old woman with cholangiocarcinoma developed severe bone marrow suppression after taking S. doederleinii daily for 2 weeks (1). She developed severe pancytopenia with skin ecchymoses and gum bleeding. A bone marrow smear and biopsy showed severe hypocel-lularity without malignant cell infiltration. One week after withdrawal her blood count became normal. 

Viral, parasitic, and bacterial infections have been linked to cancer (Table 9). DNA viruses such as Epstein-Barr, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, papillomaviruses, and Kaposi sarcoma herpes virus and RNA viruses such as human T-cell leukemia virus type I and human immunodeficiency virus have been implicated in causing cancer in humans and are listed as known-to-cause-cancer in humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (lARC). In man, the liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini, is associated with the development of cholangiocarcinomas of the liver and the blood fluke. Schistosoma haematobium, with carcinoma of the urinary bladder. There is evidence that chronic Helicobacter pylori infection of the stomach in man is not only related to... 

The liver is host to a wide variety of both benign and malignant primary tumors. It is also the second most common site of metastases metastatic tumors account for 90% to 95% of all hepatic malignancies. The primary tumors may arise from many cell lines in the liver but most commonly from parenchymal and biliary epithelial cells and mesenchymal cells (Table 47-10). The two most important primary liver tumors are HCC and cholangiocarcinoma. 

SPINDLE CELL (SARCOMATOID) CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA Spindle cell (sarcomatoid) cholangiocarcinoma usually occurs as a component of a more conventional or poorly differentiated cholangiocarcinoma. The spindled cell areas may be negative or stain only focally for cytokeratins. 

Marienfeld, C., et al. Translational regulation of XIAP expression and cell survival during hypoxia in human cholangiocarcinoma. Gastroenterology 127, 1787-1797 (2004). 

Primary hepatic malignant neoplasms may develop from hepatocytes, bile duct epithelium, endothelial cells, or lymphoid cells. Most primary malignant hepatic neoplasms are epithelial in origin, such as hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. Mesenchymal tumors such as angiosarcoma and epithelioid hemangio-endothelioma, and other sarcoma and lymphomas are rare and represent a minority of primary hepatic neoplasms (Table 17.1). 

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