Cholangiocarcinoma

Neoplasms (e.g., hepatoma, cholangiocarcinoma, hepatoblastoma, and bile duct cancer)... 

CAT9-9. This is a marker for many gastrointestinal tumors such as cholangiocarcinomas. 

In Greece, a case-control study was conducted to investigate the incidence of liver cancer by estimating the consumption of six types of flavonoids with a semiquantitative questionnaire on the frequency of foods. The intake of flavones was inversely associated with hepatocellular carcinoma, irrespective of its etiology (viral or nonviral). With respect to cholangiocarcinoma, an inverse association with the consumption of flavan-3-ols, anthocyanidins, and total flavonoids studied was found. However, this last result should be viewed with caution because of the small sample size, due to the fact that this is a rare type of cancer (Lagiou and others 2008). 

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (associated with ulcerative colitis and cholangiocarcinoma) Budd-Chiari s syndrome... 

Approximately 11% of patients with ulcerative colitis have hepatobiliary complications including fatty liver, pericholangitis, chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis, sclerosing cholangitis, cholangiocarcinoma, and gallstones. 

Vickers SM, Jhala NC, Ahn EY, McDonald JM, Pan G, Bland KI (2002) Tamoxifen (TMX)/Fas induced growth inhibition ofhuman cholangiocarcinoma (HCC) by gamma interferon (IFN-gamma). Ann Surg 235 872-878... 

When administered by oral gavage for 6 months at lOmg/kg, technical-grade hexabro-mobiphenyl (FireMaster FF-1) induced hepatocellular carcinomas in mice and rats of both sexes and cholangiocarcinomas and... 

Weissmann A, Ludwig H. Intrarterial gemcitabine for treatment of inoperable pancreatic and cholangiocarcinoma. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1999 18 305a. 

Malignancies of the biliary tract are uncommon in the United States, with approx 8000 cases reported annually nearly two-thirds of these cases arise in the gallbladder, while the remainder (cholangiocarcinoma) originate from the bile ducts and periampullary region. However, gallbladder cancer occurs in epidemic proportions in many South American and Asian countries, particularly affecting women. 

The treatment options for localized gallbladder carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma include surgery and chemoradiation. 

Meyer CG, Penn I, James L. Liver transplantation for cholangiocarcinoma results in 207 patients. Transplantation 2000 69(8) 1633-1637. 

Yamamoto M, et al. Recurrence after surgical resection of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2001 8(2) 154—157. 

Meng F, Henson R, Lang M et al. Involvement of human micro-RNA in growth and response to chemotherapy in human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. Gastroenterology 2006 130 2113-2129. lorio MV, Ferracin M, Liu CG et al. MicroRNA gene expression deregulation in human breast cancer. 

The most common type of primary liver tumor is hepatocellular carcinoma other types include cholangiocarcinoma, angiosarcoma, glandular carcinoma, and undifferentiated liver cell carcinoma. Although a wide variety of chemicals are known to induce liver cancer in laboratory animals (Table 14.1), the incidence of primary liver cancer in humans in the United States is very low. 

Primary sclerosing cholangitis is characterised by inflammation, fibrosis and destruction of the intrahepatic and/or extrahepatic bile ducts. It results in a chronic cholestatic liver disease that may lead to liver cirrhosis. Cholangiocarcinoma occurs in approximately 10-30% of patients. PSC occurs more frequently in men between the ages of 20 and 40, with a male female ratio of 2 1. It is often associated with inflammatory bowel disease, particularly chronic ulcerative colitis. 

Obstructive jaundice, e.g. gallstones/cholangiocarcinoma/other infiltration... 

Many cytokeratin-specific antibodies are available and have been useful in distinguishing carcinomas. For example, an antibody that recognizes cytokeratin 7 or cytokeratin 19 will react with cholangiocarcinomas and not with hepatocellular carcinoma. 

Bayraktar, ., Balkand, F., Kayhan, B., Ozenc, A., Arslan, S., Telatar, H. Bile duct varices or pseudo-cholangiocarcinoma sign in portal hypertension due to cavernous transformation of the portal vein. Amer. J. Gastroenterol. 1992 87 1801-1806... 

Chow, C.W., Allen, P.W. Clonorchis sinensis infestation of hver associated with cholangiocarcinoma. Pathology 1978 10 174—175... 

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