2- Chlorophenol: Phenol, 2-chloro

Fahrig R, Nilsson C-A, Rappe C (1978) Genetic activity of chlorophenols and chloro-phenol impurities. In Rao KR (ed) Pentachlorophenol. Plenum Press, New York and London, p 325... 

Clorophene. 4 hloro-2-(phenylmethyi)phenol 4-cMoro-a-phenyl-o-cresol 2-benzyl-4-chlorophenol 5-chloro-2-hydrOxydiphenylmethane o-benzyl -p-chlorophe-nol Samophen I Septiphene. C1 H C10 mol wt 2] 8.69. C 71.40%, H 5.07%, Cl 16.21%, O 7.32%. Prepn Klarmann et al, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 54, 3315 (1932) Klarmann, Gate, U25. pat. 1,967,825 (to Lehn 8c Fink) from Na or K phen-oxide and benzyl chloride followed by chlorination of the resulting o-benzylphenol Kaiser, Ger. pat. 703,955 (1941 to Deutsche Hydrierwerke). 

Amino-4-chloro-5-nitrophenol CAS 6358-07-2 EINECS/ELINCS 228-760-0 Synonyms 2-Amino-5-nitro-4-chlorophenol Phenol, 2-amino-4-chloro-5-nitro-... 

Phenol, o-(t-butyl)-. See 2-t-Butylphenol Phenol, 2-s-butyl-4,6-dinitro-, ammonium salt. See 4,6-Dinitro-o-s-butylphenol ammonium salt Phenol, p-t-butyl-, phosphate (3 1). SeeTris (p-t-butylphenyl) phosphate Phenolcarbinol. See Benzyl alcohol Phenol, 2-chloro-. See 2-Chlorophenol Phenol, p-chloro-. See4-Chlorophenol Phenol, 2-(5-chloro-2H-benzo-triazol-2-yl)-4,6-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl)-. See 2-(3, 5 -Di-t-butyl-2 -hydroxyphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotri azole Phenol, 4-chloro-2-benzyl-. See Chlorophene Phenol, 4-chloro-5-methyl-2-(1 -methylethyl)-. 

Formaldehyde, glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, polyaldehyde (polyacrolein), aldehyde-amine condensation products, aldehyde-glycol condensation products, bronopol o-Phenyl phenol, o-benzyl-jn-chlorophenol,p-chloro-m-xylenol, o, p, p -trichloro-o -hydroxydiphenyl ether (Triclosan) Nonylphenoxypoly(ethyleneoxy) ethanol-iodine complex, ethoxylated nonyl phenol-iodine complex, polyvinyl pyrrolidone-iodine complex... 

The premise of this study was to evaluate a subcritical water extraction process for phenol, chlorophenols, and chloroanilines [103], In the process, excellent separation of each of these classes of compounds was obtained on a column (no wavelength cited but a typical value would be 250-280 nm). Phenol and chlorophenols (4-chloro 2,3-, 2,4-dichloro 2,3,6-, 2,4,5-trichloro) were baseline resolved in 30min using a 60/40 methanol/water mobile phase. Aniline (extremely tailed use acid in the mobile phase to correct) and chloroanilines (4-chloro 2,3-, 2,5-dichloro 2,3,6-, 2,4,5-trichloro) were resolved using a 25-min 40/60 -> 90/10 methanol/-watergradient,Workingconcentrationsrangedfrom2to40 xg/g. 

The decomposition of benzene and naphthalene and its homologues by microorganisms has already been discussed earlier. The metabolizing mechanisms of naphthalenes in fish have been well studied [47, 49]. Decomposition products of chlorobenzene in daphnia, mosquitos, snails and fishes are the polar compounds chlorophenol and chloro-o-dihydroxybenzene amongst other compounds, those of nitrobenzene aniline, acetanilide, aminophenols and nitrophenols and those of hexachlorobenzene pentachlorophenol and unknown compounds [71]. Bromoben-zene is deactivated to the toxic bromophenol [217]. In the case of man and land mammals, studies have concentrated on the metabolism of benzene, toluene, xylenes and styrene, which are also significant in occupational medicine [12, 13, 136, 195, 196, 215-217], A comparison of the metabolism of benzene into phenol in various animal species with the aid of microsomal preparations of the lungs or liver yielded vast differences. However, it is possible for benzene, in part, to inhibit or prevent its own metabolism [218]. 

Synthetic resins Acrylic Alkyd. Chiorobenzols Chlorodiphenyls Chloro-naphthalenes Chlorophenols Cumaron Epoxies Melamine formaldehyde Phenol formaldehyde Polyesters Sulphonamide formaldehyde Urea formaldehyde Urethane Vinyl Others Enzymes derived from B. subtilis... 

A facultatively anaerobic organism designated Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans (Sanford et al. 2002) was capable of dechlorinating ortho-chlorinated phenols using acetate as electron donor—2-chlorophenol was reduced to phenol and 2,6-dichlorophenol to 2-chloro-phenol (Cole et al. 1994). A strain of Desulfovibrio dechloracetivorans was also able to couple the dechlorination of ortho-substituted chlorophenols to the oxidation of acetate, fumarate, lactate, and propionate (Sun et al. 2000). 

A spore-forming strain of Desulfitobacterium chlororespirans was able to couple the dechlorination of 3-chloro-4-hydroxybenzoate to the oxidation of lactate to acetate, pyruvate, or formate (Sanford et al. 1996). Whereas 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and 2,4,6-tribro-mophenol supported growth with the production of 4-chlorophenol and 4-bromophenol, neither 2-bromophenol nor 2-iodophenol was able to do so. The membrane-bound dehalogenase contains cobalamin, iron, and acid-labile sulfur, and is apparently specific for ortho-substituted phenols (Krasotkina et al. 2001). 

Organic carboxylic acids are commonly found in foods, in the adipate process stream, and as pollutants. Fatty acids are the lipophilic portion of glycerides and a major component of the cell membrane. Phenols are widely used in polymers, as wood preservatives, and as disinfectants. Chloro-phenols such as 4-chlorophenol, two isomeric dichlorophenols, 2,4,6-tri-chlorophenol, three isomeric tetrachlorophenols, and pentachlorophenol were separated on a Dowex (The Dow Chemical Co. Midland, MI) 2-X8 anion exchange resin using an acetic acid-methanol gradient.138... 

Fig. 20. A typical GC-MS trace of a phenol contaminated soil sample, Bitterfeld, Germany (after [254] with permission). Chlorophenols were extracted using ASE-SPME upper chromatogram, procedure B lower chromatogram, ASE conditions of water, 150°C, 15 min. Peak identifications (1) 2-chlorophenol, (2) 2,4-dichlorophenol, (3) 4-chlorophenol, (4) 4-chloro-3-methylphenol, (5) 2,3,5-trichlorophenol, (6) 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, (7) 2,3,4-trichlo-rophenol, (8) 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol, (9) pentachlorophenol... 

Synonyms AI3-00075 Aptal Baktol Baktolan BRN 1237629 Candaseptic Caswell No. 185A CCRIS 1938 p-Chlor-/ 3-cresol Chlorocresol 4-Chlorocresol p-Chlorocresol 4-Chloro-/ 3-cresol 6-Chloro-/ 3-cresol 4-Chloro-l-hydroxy-3-methylbenzene 2-Chlorohydroxytoluene 2-Chloro-5-hydroxytoluene 4-Chloro-3-hydroxytoluene 6-Chloro-3-hydroxytoluene 4-Chloro-3-methyl-phenol /5-Chloro-3-methylphenol CMK EINECS 200-431-6 EPA pesticide chemical code 064206 3-Methyl-4-chlorophenol NSC 4146 Ottafact Parmetol Parol PCMC Peritonan Preventol CMK Raschit Raschit K Rasenanicon RCRA waste number U039 UN 2669. 

Acetamido-4-amino-6-chloro-s-triazine, see Atrazine Acetanilide, see Aniline, Chlorobenzene, Vinclozolin Acetic acid, see Acenaphthene, Acetaldehyde, Acetic anhydride. Acetone, Acetonitrile, Acrolein, Acrylonitrile, Aldicarb. Amyl acetate, sec-Amyl acetate, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Butyl acetate, sec-Butyl acetate, ferf-Butyl acetate, 2-Chlorophenol, Diazinon. 2,4-Dimethylphenol, 2,4-Dinitrophenol, 2,4-Dinitrotoluene, 1,4-Dioxane, 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine, Esfenvalerate. Ethyl acetate, Flucvthrinate. Formic acid, sec-Hexyl acetate. Isopropyl acetate, Isoamyl acetate. Isobutyl acetate, Methanol. Methyl acetate. 2-Methvl-2-butene. Methyl ferf-butvl ether. Methyl cellosolve acetate. 2-Methvlphenol. Methomvl. 4-Nitrophenol, Pentachlorophenol, Phenol. Propyl acetate. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane, Vinyl acetate. Vinyl chloride Acetoacetic acid, see Mevinphos Acetone, see Acrolein. Acrylonitrile. Atrazine. Butane. 

Carbon tetrachloride. Chloroform, 2-Chlorophenol, Cyclohexanol, Cyclopentene, 1,1-Dichloroethylene, irans-l, 2-Dichloroethylene, IV.yV-Dimethylaniline, lV,lV-Dimethylformamide, 2,4-Dimethylphenol, 2,4-Dinitrotoluene, 1,4-Dioxane, 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine, Ethyl formate. Formaldehyde, Glycine, Methanol, Methylene chloride. Methyl formate, 2-Methvlphenol. Monuron, 4-Nitrophenol, Oxalic acid, Parathion, Pentachlorophenol, Phenol, l idine. Styrene, Trichloroethylene, Vinyl chloride Formylacetic acid, see cis-l,3-Dichloropropylene, irans-1,3-Dichloropropylene IV-Formylcarbamate of 1-naphthol, see Carbaryl Formyl chloride, see Chloroethane, Chloroform, sym-Dichloromethyl ether, ds-1,3-Dichloropropylene, irans-ES-Dichloropropylene, Methyl chloride. Methylene chloride. Trichloroethylene, Vinyl chloride lV-Formyl-4-chloro-o-toluidine, see Chlornhenamidine. 

Chlorophenyl trifluoromethanesulfonate Methanesulfonic acid, trifluoro-,j-chlorophenyl ester (8) Methanesulfonic acid, trifluoro-, 4-chlorophenyl ester (9) (29540-84-9) 4-Chlorophenol TOXIC Phenol, p-chloro- (8) Phenol, 4-chloro- (9) (106-48-9) Pyridine (8, 9) (110-86-1)... 

Chlorinated phenols are among the most important contaminants in the environment (aqueous systems and soils) due to their widespread use in industry and agriculture and for domestic purposes for over 50 years. It is well-known that chlorophenols are toxic at low levels. The more highly chlorinated phenols such as trichlorophenols and pentachlorophenol are also persistent. Five of the chlorophenols (2-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 4-chloro-3-methylphenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and pentachlorophenol) have been classified as priority pollutants by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 

FIGURE 13.14 A typical LC-MS chromatogram obtained in the scan mode of a preconcentrated aqueous standard solution (a) and of a preconcentrated spiked river water sample (b), as well as of an unspiked preconcentrated river water sample (c). Peak labels denote Ph, Phenol 2,4-DMP, 2,4-dimethylphenol 2-CP, 2-chlo-rophenol 4-CR,4-chlorophenol 4-NP,4-nitrophenol 2-NP,2-nitrophenol 4-C-3-MP,4-chloro-3-methylphenol 2,4-DCP, 2,4-dichlorophenol 2,4-DNP, 2,4-dinitrophenol 2,4,6-TCP, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol 2-M-4.6-DNP, 2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol and PCP, pentachlorophenol. Spike level 1 pg/L 10 mL preconcentrated. 

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