Glycol condensation products

Glycol Condensation products. See under Ethyleneglycol Condensation Products in this vol, p E254-L... 

Formaldehyde, glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, polyaldehyde (polyacrolein), aldehyde-amine condensation products, aldehyde-glycol condensation products, bronopol o-Phenyl phenol, o-benzyl-jn-chlorophenol,p-chloro-m-xylenol, o, p, p -trichloro-o -hydroxydiphenyl ether (Triclosan) Nonylphenoxypoly(ethyleneoxy) ethanol-iodine complex, ethoxylated nonyl phenol-iodine complex, polyvinyl pyrrolidone-iodine complex... 

Those polymers which are the condensation product of two different monomers are named by applying the preceding rules to the repeat unit. For example, the polyester formed by the condensation of ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid is called poly(oxyethylene oxyterphthaloyl) according to the lUPAC system, as well as poly (ethylene terephthalate) or polyethylene terephthalate. 

Uses. About 35% of the isophthahc acid is used to prepare unsaturated polyester resins. These are condensation products of isophthahc acid, an unsaturated dibasic acid, most likely maleic anhydride, and a glycol such as propylene glycol. The polymer is dissolved in an inhibited vinyl monomer, usually styrene with a quinone inhibitor. When this viscous hquid is treated with a catalyst, heat or free-radical initiation causes cross-linking and sohdification. A range of properties is possible depending on the reactants used and their ratios (97). 

In acidic solution, the degradation results in the formation of furfural, furfuryl alcohol, 2-furoic acid, 3-hydroxyfurfural, furoin, 2-methyl-3,8-dihydroxychroman, ethylglyoxal, and several condensation products (36). Many metals, especially copper, cataly2e the oxidation of L-ascorbic acid. Oxalic acid and copper form a chelate complex which prevents the ascorbic acid-copper-complex formation and therefore oxalic acid inhibits effectively the oxidation of L-ascorbic acid. L-Ascorbic acid can also be stabilized with metaphosphoric acid, amino acids, 8-hydroxyquinoline, glycols, sugars, and trichloracetic acid (38). Another catalytic reaction which accounts for loss of L-ascorbic acid occurs with enzymes, eg, L-ascorbic acid oxidase, a copper protein-containing enzyme. 

Historically, isobutyl alcohol was an unwanted by-product of the propylene Oxo reaction. Indeed, isobutyraldehyde the precursor of isobutyl alcohol was occasionally burned for fuel. However, more recentiy isobutyl alcohol has replaced -butyl alcohol in some appHcations where the branched alcohol appears to have preferred properties and stmcture. However, suppHes of isobutyl alcohol have declined relative to overall C-4 alcohols, especially in Europe, with the conversion of many Oxo plants to rhodium based processes which give higher normal to isobutyraldehyde isomer ratios. Further the supply of isobutyl alcohol at any given time can fluctuate greatly, since it is the lowest valued derivative of isobutyraldehyde, after neopentyl glycol, methyl isoamyl ketone and certain condensation products (10). 

The principal markets for neopentyl glycol (NPG), the hydrogenated, crossed aldol condensation product of isobutyraldehyde and formaldehyde, are in water-borne and alkyd-surface coatings. 

A condensation product of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol. 

The trade name of a polyester fibre used as textile reinforcement for mbber in products such as tyres, belting and hose. It is a truly synthetic fibre made from polyethylene terephthalate, a condensation product of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol. 

As is often said, the simplest unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) is the condensation product of maleic anhydride and propylene glycol dissolved in styrene. 

In claret wine turned bitter, Voisenet observed a divinylglycol, CHj=CH-CHOH-CHOH CH=CHj. It is not known which isomer is involved and whether the compound is optically active. The glycol is considered to be derived from acrolein. It could originate either by a reduction comparable to the formation of pinacol from acetone or by bioreduction of an acyloin-like condensation product of acrolein. 

Some further reactions with difunctional partners obviously involve the addition of the protic part to the P=N bond as the initial step. The reaction of 2 f-triazaphospholes with glycols <74CR(C)355, 76T2039, 84CC183, 87TL6049> gives hydridospirophosphorane (137). Another example of this type provides the 2 1 condensation products from A -amidrazones and P(NMc2)3 mentioned in Section 4.22.9.3. 

The procedure usually is unsuitable for tertiary alcohols since the reaction with phthalic anhydride or succinic anhydride either fails or results in dehydration of the alcohol. A few tertiary alkyl phthalates, however, have been prepared and resolved by first converting the alcohols to sodium or potassium salts and allowing these to react79 80 with phthalic anhydride. This modification has been applied successfully to dUa- and /S-santalols81 and cB-linalool.81 As already mentioned, glycols cannot be resolved by this procedure because they form polymeric esters when heated with phthalic or succinic anhydride. Phenols also usually form phthaleins or other condensation products instead of simple acid esters. 

In this review, the term acetal will be used to connote a cyclic compound (I) formed, together with one mole of water, by the condensation of an aldehyde with an equimolecular proportion of a glycol, and not, as is more usual, an acyclic compound derived from one mole of an aldehyde and two moles of a monohydric alcohol. A compound which contains more than one such ring system will be termed a diacetal, triacetal, etc. In an analogous fashion, cyclic condensation products (II) obtained from ketones will be called ketals. ... 

As was recognized by Fischer (see reference 72), it is theoretically possible for the condensation product of an unsymmetrical glycol and either an aldehyde (other than formaldehyde) or an unsymmetrical ketone to exist in two stereoisomeric forms (V and VI) which differ only in... 

The colour is due to the formation of a condensation product of resorcinol, C6H4(OH)2, and glycollic aldehyde, CH2OH.CHO, the latter arising from the action of the sulphuric acid upon the tartaric acid. The formula of the condensation product is CH2OH.CH[C6H3(OH)2]2. 

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