Aniline nitrobenzene

When a mixture of aniline, nitrobenzene, glycerol and concentrated sulphuric acid is heated, a vigorous reaction occurs with the formation of quinoline. It is probable that the sulphuric acid first dehydrates the glycerol giving acrolein or acraldehyde (A), which then condenses at its double bond with the amino group of the aniline to give acrolein-aniline (B), The latter in its enol... 

Gyclization. Aniline, nitrobenzene, and glycerol react under acid catalysis (Skraup synthesis) to form quinoline [91-22-5] (27). 

The major aromatics (organics having at least one ring structure with six carbon atoms) manufactured include benzene, toluene, xylene, and naphthalene. Other aromatics manufactured include phenol, chlorobenzene, styrene, phthalic and maleic anhydride, nitrobenzene, and aniline. Benzene is generally recovered from cracker streams at petrochemical plants and is used for the manufacture of phenol, styrene, aniline, nitrobenzene, sulfonated detergents, pesticides such as hexachlorobenzene, cyclohexane (an important intermediate in synthetic fiber manufacture), and caprolactam, used in the manufacture of nylon. Benzene is also used as a general purpose solvent. 

Aniline, nitrobenzene, phenylenediamine isomers, nitroaniline isomers, azobenzene, and azoxybenzene... 

Benzonitrile, aniline, nitrobenzene, benzo-p-diazine, biphenyl, azobenzene, and dibenzoparadiazine... 

A mixture of aniline, nitrobenzene, and 1-hexanol was left for 5.5 h at 406 K in the absence of a catalyst to confirm that any reaction was a function of the catalyst and not due to a stoichiometric reaction. No reaction was observed. 

In the preparation of a dyestuff from aniline, nitrobenzene (as oxidant), hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, ferric chloride is often used as catalyst, but sodium molybdate was substituted as a more effective catalyst. The materials were charged into a 4.5 m3 reactor and heating was started after addition of nitrobenzene, but the temperature controller was mis-set, and overheating at a high rate ensued. The exotherm was much higher than normal because of the more effective catalyst, and partial failure of the cooling water led to an uncontrollable exotherm. 

This process is used principally in Europe. It was first developed in 1854 for the production of aniline. Nitrobenzene was reduced to aniline using metallic iron, hence the process was termed the aniline or nitrobenzene process. Iron oxides were formed as unusable, grey/black products. Around 1925, Laux found that addition of iron chloride modified the process so that iron oxides suitable for use as pigments could be produced. With this additive alone, magnetite with a high tinting strength results, i. e. 

Timmermans, J., "Annual Table of Physical Constants" 1941, Sect. 554. Aniline, Nitrobenzene. 

In the preparation of a dyestuff from aniline, nitrobenzene (as oxidant), hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, ferric chloride is often used as catalyst, but sodium molybdate was substituted as a more effective catalyst. The materials were charged... 

Indigo is practically insoluble in water, dilute acids, and dilute alkalis, but slightly soluble in polar, high-boiling solvents such as aniline, nitrobenzene, phenol, phthalic anhydride, and dimethyl sulfoxide. Some polar solvents destroy indigo when it is dissolved in them at the boil. 

Monochlorobenzene is a flammable clear liquid (fp, -45"C bp, 132°C) used as a solvent, solvent carrier for methylene diisocyanate, pesticide, heat transfer fluid, and in the manufacture of aniline, nitrobenzene, and phenol. The 1,2- isomer of dichlorobenzene (ortho-dichlorobenzene) has been used as a solvent for degreasing hides and wool and as a raw material for dye manufacture. The 1,4- isomer (para-dichlorobenzene) is also used in dye manufacture and as a moth repellant and germicide. All three isomers have been used as fumigants and insecticides. The 1,2- and 1,3-(meta) isomers are liquids under ambient conditions, whereas the 1,4- isomer is a white sublimable solid. Used as a solvent, lubricant, dielectric fluid, chemical intermediate, and formerly as a termiticide, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene is a liquid (fp, 17°C bp, 213°C). 

The oxidation of a wide range of phenol and other biorefractory organic compounds (e.g., ethanol, aliphatic acids, naphthalene and anthraquinone sulfonic acids, aniline, nitrobenzene, etc.) on platinized titanium was also studied by Kotz et al. (Kotz et al. 1991 Stucki et al. 1991). The elimination of TOC was rather ineffective due to the leakage current for oxygen evolution, and the average EOI was about 0.05. 

Patil SF, Lonkar ST. 1992. Thermal desorption-gas chromatography for the determination of benzene, aniline, nitrobenzene and chlorobenzene in workplace air [published erratum appears in J Chromatogr 1992 Nov 20 625(2) 402], J Chromatogr 600(2) 344-351. 

Meer process, the aniline water is simply extracted with nitrobenzene which removes the an ne completely, and then the aniline-nitrobenzene solution is reduced directly. This process avoids the disadvantages attending the use of aniline water in the steam kettle. 

Model Parent Compound Series. Experimental partition coefficient data for a variety of substituted benzenes and seven other related parent compound series (phenoxyacetic acid, phenylacetic acid, benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol, phenol, aniline, nitrobenzene) were reported in 1964 by Fujita et al. (II). The ir values (see Equation 3) derived for individual substituents in each of the above-mentioned parent compound series have since been frequently used (with varying degrees of success) by many investigators to approximate tt values for the corresponding substituents in other related parent compounds for which no experimental partitioning data are available. For example, Hansch and Deutsch (26), in a correlation study of structure—activity relationships in cholinesterase inhibitors, used tr values derived for aromatic ring substituents (X) in the phenoxyacetic acid series... 

Disposition in the Body. 4-Aminophenol is a metabolite of aniline, nitrobenzene, and phenazopyridine. 

Women of child-bearing age should be careful when handling any substance of unknown properties. Certain substances are highly suspect teratogens and will cause abnormalities in an embryo or fetus. Among these are benzene, toluene, xylene, aniline, nitrobenzene, phenol, formaldehyde, dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), polychlori-... 

---