Chlorine naming

Treatment with silver(I) fluoride converts 2,4,5,6-tetrachloropyrimidine, in a smooth reaction at 90°C for 4 hours, into 5-chloro-2,4,6-trifluoropyrimidine in 84% yield, thus replacing the activated chlorines, namely those which are attached to the carbons in the a-positions to the electron-withdrawing nitrogens. All attempts to substitute the chlorine in the 5-position with fluorine failed. 2,4,6-Trichloropyrimidine, upon reaction with silver(I) fluoride at room temperature, gives 2,4,6-trifluoropyrimidine in 82 % yield. All preparations were carried out by refluxing three times with new portions of silver(I) fluoride.32 4,6-Dichloro-5-nitropyrimidine is converted into 4,6-difluoro-5-nitropyrimidine in 75% yield upon treatment with silver(I) fluoride at 170°C for 1 hour.33... 

Gonsistance, Nevertheless, chlorine haa been used to a great extent for depriving palm oil of its calor the materials for generating the -chlorine, namely, binoxido of manganese and hydrochloric acid, nr, instead of the latter, chloride of sodium and sulphuric acid, being introduced directly into the melted nil. The changes that ensue when hydrochloric add is employed, may he shown as follows --- ... 

Thallium and indium form +1 and +3 oxidation states when in compounds. Predict the formulas of the possible compounds between thallium and oxygen and between indium and chlorine. Name the compounds. 

Fluorine attack follows the mechanisms mentioned for the case of chlorine. Namely, the reaction is slow at lower temperatures when a fluoride protective layer is formed but at higher temperatures, the formation of liquid and, especially, volatile fluorides leads to rapid attack of the metal. 

Write a balanced chenfical equation for the substitution reaction in which one of the hydrogens on an end carbon of butane is replaced by a chlorine atom through reaction with elemental chlorine. Name the resulting compound. 

Gr. chloros, greenish yellow) Discovered in 1774 by Scheele, who thought it contained oxygen. Chlorine was named in 1810 by Davy, who insisted it was an element. 

Ethylene was known to chemists in the eigh teenth century and isolated in pure form in 1795 An early name for ethylene was gaz olefiant (French for oil forming gas ) to describe the fact that an oily liquid product is formed when two gases—ethylene and chlorine—react with each other... 

Chlorine from Potassium Hydroxide Manufacture. One of the coproducts during the electrolytic production of potassium hydroxide employing mercury and membrane ceHs is chlorine. The combined name plate capacity for caustic potash during 1988 totaled 325,000 t/yr and growth of U.S. demand was expected to be steady at 2% through 1990 (68). 

Ternary compounds are also named by citing the more electropositive constituent first. The various oxidation states of the more electropositive element are designated by a system of prefixes and terminations added to a stem characteristic of the element, except in the case of coordination compounds (qv). Examples are as follows (see Chlorine oxygen acids and salts) ... 

Chlorendic anhydride is the common name of the Diels-Alder adduct of maleic anhydride and hexachlorocyclopentadiene, 3,4,5,6,7,7-hexachloroendomethylene-l,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthahc anhydride (HET). The resultant resins from HET contribute to the flame retardancy of the alkyd coatings. HET gives a greater reaction rate than phthaUc anhydride, to the extent that at 204—210°C the reaction rate approximates that of phthaUc anhydride at a temperature of 238°C (8). However, the resins tend to develop darker color, particularly at high processing temperature. Tetrachlorophthahc anhydride [117-08-8] made by conventional chlorination of phthaUc anhydride, would also impart flame retardancy to its alkyds. However, it is appreciably less soluble in the usual processing solvents than is phthaUc anhydride, and is reported to be of appreciably lower chemical reactivity (8). 

Calcium Hypochlorite. High assay calcium hypochlorite [7778-54-3] was first commercialized in the United States in 1928 by Mathieson Alkali Works, Inc. (now Olin Corp.) under the trade name HTH. It is now produced by two additional manufacturers in North America (Table 5). Historically, it usually contained about 1% water and 70—74% av CI2, so-called anhydrous product, but in 1970, a hydrated product was introduced (234). It is similar in composition to anhydrous Ca(OCl)2 except for its higher water content of about 6—12% and a slightly lower available chlorine content. This product has improved resistance to accidental initiation of self-sustained decomposition by a Ht match, a Ht cigarette, or a small amount of organic contamination. U.S. production in the 1990s consists primarily of partially hydrated Ca(OCl)2, which is sold as a 65% av CI2 product mainly for swimming pool use. Calcium hypochlorite is also sold as a 50% av CI2 product as a sanitizer used by dairy and food industries and in the home, and as a 32% product for mildew control. 

Unlike most elastomeric polymers, which are made by direct polymerization of monomers or comonomers, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, as the name implies, is made by chemical modification of a preformed thermoplastic polymer. The chlorination and chlorosulfonation reactions are usually carried out simultaneously but may be carried out ia stages. 

Two complementai y reviews of this subject are by Shah et al. AIChE Journal, 28, 353-379 [1982]) and Deckwer (in de Lasa, ed.. Chemical Reactor Design andTechnology, Martinus Nijhoff, 1985, pp. 411-461). Useful comments are made by Doraiswamy and Sharma (Heterogeneous Reactions, Wiley, 1984). Charpentier (in Gianetto and Silveston, eds.. Multiphase Chemical Reactors, Hemisphere, 1986, pp. 104—151) emphasizes parameters of trickle bed and stirred tank reactors. Recommendations based on the literature are made for several design parameters namely, bubble diameter and velocity of rise, gas holdup, interfacial area, mass-transfer coefficients k a and /cl but not /cg, axial liquid-phase dispersion coefficient, and heat-transfer coefficient to the wall. The effect of vessel diameter on these parameters is insignificant when D > 0.15 m (0.49 ft), except for the dispersion coefficient. Application of these correlations is to (1) chlorination of toluene in the presence of FeCl,3 catalyst, (2) absorption of SO9 in aqueous potassium carbonate with arsenite catalyst, and (3) reaction of butene with sulfuric acid to butanol. 

This chapter has so far dealt with the major fields of use of vinyl chloride polymers, namely plasticised PVC homopolymer, unplasticised PVC, including impact-modified grades, and copolymers particular based on vinyl acetate. There are, however, five particular special forms of vinyl chloride polymer which merit separate consideration, namely crystalline PVC, after-chlorinated PVC (often known as CPVC) and certain graft copolymers and two vinyl-chloride-based copolymers. 

Chlorinated rubber is extensively employed in industrial corrosion-resistant surface coatings, for which purpose it is marketed by ICI under the trade name Alloprene. Although thermoplastic moulding compositions have been made by plasticising with the common ester plasticisers such as tritolyl phosphate they are of no commercial importance. 

Your facility uses 20,000 pounds of a solvent that your supplier has told you contains 80 percent "chlorinated aromatic," their generic name for a chemical subject to reporting under section 313. You therefore know that you have used 16,000 pounds of some listed toxic chemical which exceeds the "othenwise use threshold. You would file a Form R and enter the name chlorinated aromatic in the space provided in Part III, Section 2. 

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