Chlorinated rubber, alkyd resins with

Trimethylcyclohe.xanone [873-94-9] (TMC-one, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanone) is a saturated cyclic ketone. It is a colorless high boiler with an aromatic odor reminiscent of menthol. Trimethylcyclohexanone is only moderately miscible with water, but is miscible in all proportions with all organic solvents. It is chemically closely related to isophorone. Trimethylcyclohexanone dissolves cellulose nitrate, low molecular mass PVC grades, poly(vinyl acetate), vinyl chloride-vinylacetate copolymers, chlorinated rubber, alkyd resins, unsaturated polyester resins, epoxy resins, acrylic resins, etc. 

Isophorone [14.268], [14.269] is an unsaturated cyclic ketone. It consists of a-isophorone [78-59-1] (3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-l-one), which contains about 1-3% of the isomer P-isophorone [471-01-2] (3,5,5-trimethyl-3-cyclohexen-l-one). Isophorone is a stable, water-white liquid with a mild odor that is miscible in all proportions with organic solvents. It dissolves many natural and synthetic resins and polymers, such as poly(vinyl chloride) and vinyl chloride copolymers, poly(vinyI acetate), polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polystyrene, chlorinated rubber, alkyd resins, saturated and unsaturated polyesters, epoxy resins, cellulose nitrate, cellulose ethers and esters, damar resin (dewaxed), kauri, waxes, fats, oils, phenol-, melamine-, and urea-formaldehyde resins, as well as plant protection agents. However, isophorone does not dissolve polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamides. 

Ethyl triglycol [112-50-5] [2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol, triethylene glycol monoethyl ether] is an almost colorless, neutral, mild-smelling liquid with a low hygroscopicity. It is soluble in water and most organic solvents, but is only partially miscible with aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Ethyl triglycol dissolves cellulose nitrate, shellac, colophony, ketone resins, maleate resins, chlorinated rubber, alkyd resins, and many other paint resins. It does not dissolve cellulose acetate, poly(vinyl chloride), vinyl chloride copolymers, fats, oils, and rubber. 

Chlorinated rubber is compatible with alkyds of similar linearity and low polarity. Most of the highway marking points in the United States are based on a combination of chlorinated rubber and a compatible alkyd resin based on soybean oil. 

Nitrile rubber is compatible with phenol-formaldehyde resins, resorcinol-formaldehyde resins, vinyl chloride resins, alkyd resins, coumarone-indene resins, chlorinated rubber, epoxies and other resins, forming compositions which can be cured providing excellent adhesives of high strength, high oil resistance and high resilience. On the other hand, NBR adhesives are compatible with polar adherends such as fibres, textiles, paper and wood. Specific formulations of NBR adhesives can be found in [12]. 

Paints are complex formulations of polymeric binders with additives including anti-corrosion pigments, colors, plasticizers, ultraviolet absorbers, flame-retardant chemicals, etc. Almost all binders are organic materials such as resins based on epoxy, polyurethanes, alkyds, esters, chlorinated rubber and acrylics. The common inorganic binder is the silicate used in inorganic zinc silicate primer for steel. Specific formulations are available for application to aluminum and for galvanized steel substrates. 

Several other resins can be blended with alkyd resins to introduce desired improvement in properties, e. g. cellulose nitrate, chlorinated rubber, phenolics, amino resins or silicons oils. Vinyl monomers like styrene can be added to alkyd resins along with initiator to get a tougher resin with shorter drying times and lighter colour. 

Coatings are usually classified according to the resin binder. Thus, names such as acryhc, alkyd, epoxy, or chlorinated rubber are commonly used to identify coatings with those classes of binders. Other classes of coatings, as the fluoropolymers [10,11] have also become of common application e.g. in cod-coated steel. 

Prime coating is either a two-pack, zinc-rich epoxy primer with a DFT of ca. 30-40 pm, or a chromate-free, two-pack epoxy primer. Topcoats based on PVC copolymerisates, chlorinated rubber, silicone-reinforced epoxy esters, or alkyds were used for many years. Now, the standard European topcoat is based on acrylic resins with terminal epoxy groups that are cross-linked with amine adducts or aminoamide resins. 

Choice of an appropiate surface treatment and a suitable primer are important because adhesion to the substrates presents difficulties [11.37]. Primers based on modified alkyd resins or two-pack epoxy-resins for derusted ferrous metals mainly contain zinc phosphate and zinc OKide as corrosion protection pigments. Nonferrous metals are first washed with an ammoniacal wetting agent before applying the primer that contains a binder based on synthetic resins (e.g., PVC copolymers, chlorinated rubber) which ensure good adhesion to the substrate. The same primer must be used on zinc or galvanized surfaces because the use of alkyd resins causes embrittlement [11.38] The primed surfaces are largely topcoated with alkyd resin systems. 

A one-pack primer based on chlorinated rubber or chlorosulfonated polyethylene (as is conventional with galvanized surfaces) or a two-pack epoxy primer is then applied. The primer can be coated with a topcoat system that is usually formulated with medium or long oil alkyd resins [11.39]. 

Toluene [108-88-3] is mainly used in cellulose nitrate lacquers in heat-curing paints based on urea-, melamine-, or phenol - formaldehyde resins in alkyd resin paints and in paints based on chlorinated rubber, polystyrene, polyacrylates, or poly(vinyl acetate). Mixtures of toluene with esters are used to dissolve vinyl chloride copolymers and postchlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) [14.265]. 

Cyclohexanone [108-94-1] (Hexanone) is insoluble in water, miscible with organic solvents. It is a high boiler with very good solvency for cellulose nitrate, cellulose ethers and esters, colophony, shellac, alkyd resins, natural and synthetic resins, chlorinated rubber, rubber, vinyl polymers and copolymers, polystyrene, ketone and ketone-formaldehyde resins, fats, oils, waxes, blown oils, and bitumen. [14.268],... 

Ethyl acetate [79-20-9] is a colorless, neutral liquid that is partially miscible with water and has a pleasant, fruity odor. It has a good solvency for cellulose nitrate, cellulose ethers, chlorinated rubber, poly(vinyl acetate), vinyl chloride copolymers, polyacrylates, polystyrene, fats, oils, and many natural and synthetic resins (alkyd resins, saturated polyesters, ketone resins). Cellulose acetate is, however, dissolved only in the presence of small amounts of ethanol. Poly(vinyl chloride) is insoluble. 

Isobutyl acetate [110-19-0] is a colorless, neutral liquid with a pleasant, fruity odor. It is miscible with organic solvents, but immiscible with water. Isobutyl acetate has a high solvency for cellulose nitrate, colophony, damar resin, ketone and ketone-formaldehyde resins, maleate resins, urea and melamine resins, and phenolic and alkyd resins. Polymers such as polystyrene, poly(vinyl ethers), poly(vinyl acetate), polyacrylates, chlorinated rubber and vinyl chloride copolymers, as well as fats, greases, and oils are readily dissolved. Postchlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) is less soluble. Polyisobutene, cellulose ethers, polymethacrylates, poly(vinyl butyrals), natural rubber, and manila copal are swollen. Shellac, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetobutyrate, poly(vinyl chloride), and poly(vinyl formal) are insoluble. 

N.N-Dimethylformamide [68-12-2] (DMF) [14.276] is miscible with water and organic solvents except aliphatic hydrocarbons. It is a good high-boiling solvent for cellulose esters, cellulose ethers, poly(vinyl chloride), vinyl chloride copolymers, poly(vinyl acetate), polyacrylonitrile, polystyrene, chlorinated rubber, polyacrylates, ketone resins, and phenolic resins. Alkyd resins and resin esters are partially soluble. Dimethylformamide does not dissolve polyethylene, polypropylene, urea-formaldehyde resins, rubber, and polyamides. It is used as a solvent in printing inks, for polyacrylonitrile spinning solutions [14.277], and as a solvent in the synthesis of acetylene. 

Uses Plasticizer, compatibilizer for thermoplastic backbone coating resins (e.g., nitrocellulose, PVC copolymers, cyclized rubber, PVB), alkyd/ amino stoving enamels, and acryl-isocyanate combinations Properties SI. yel. high-visc. liq. char, odor unlimited dilutability with aromatic hydrocarbons, esters, glycol ethers, ketones, chlorinated hydrocarbons largely dilutable with lower alcohols, aliphatic hydrocarbons dens. 1.10 g/cm (20 C) dynamic vise. 3500-13,500 mPa s flash pt. > 150 C >95%NV... 

General paint coating systems are a combination of oil-type rust preventative primer and long oil alkyd resin paint or chlorinated rubber paint (intermediate and overcoats) with a total thickness of less than 150 p,m. These are applied in relatively mild atmospheres such as rural, mountain, and city. 

Selected alkyd resins are compatible with cellulose nitrate, amino resins, phenolic resins, epoxy resins, silicones, acrylics, chlorinated rubber, and styrene. When added to cellulose nitrate, short-oil alkyds improve gloss, adhesion, and flexibility of these commercial coatings. The chemical resistance of short-oil alkyds is improved when they are reacted with amino resins. Alkyds also react with phenolics to produce chroman-type alkali-resistant coatings. 

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