Chloride hydro

The above hydrochloride is treated with thionyl chloride in liquid sulfur dioxide, to produce an amorphous chloride hydro chloride, which is converted to the nitrile with sodium cyanide in liquid hydrogen cyanide, Methanolysis then gives the ester of the nitrile. Alkaline hydrolysis of this last compound, followed by catalytic dehydrogenation in water using a deactivated Raney Nickle catalyst (see JOC, 13, 455 1948) gives dl-lysergic acid. 

Interactions between hydrophilic monolayers have deserved considerable attention due to their importance in understanding phenomena that govern stability and fusion of biological membranes. For instance, Claesson et al. [95] have characterised the forces acting between dihexadecylphosphate (DHP) monolayers supported by dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride hydro-phobised mica and compared the stability of DHP layers on hydrophobic mica surfaces. The authors demonstrated that less than 2% of all DHP molecules deposited onto hydrophobised mica surfaces are charged at pH 5-6. The... 

Thiamine Mononitrate, vitamin B. mononitrate aneurine mononitrate 3-(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidyl-5-methyl)-4-merhyl-5-(d-hydroxyethy])thiazo]ium nitrate Betahion mononitrate. Ci2HI7Nj04S mol wt 327.36. C 44.02%, H 5.23%, N 21.40%, O 19.55%, S 9.80%. Prepd by removing all chloride ions from thiamine chloride hydro-... 

Base Hydro- chloride Hydro- bromide Hydr- iodide Chlo- Toau- rate Perchlorate Acetate Pyroderiv. Other derivatives ... 

Hydrogen chloride/hydro gen peroxide Oxidative furan ring opening... 

Zinc chloride hydro gen chloride Dihalides from cyclic ethers... 

Stannous chloride hydro gen chloride Furans from 2-ene-l,4-diones... 

Cuprous chloride ammonium chloride (hydro gen chloride CuCl/NH CllHCl... 

Phenylhydrazine is, however, frequently supplied in the form of its hydro chloride or sulphate, since these salts on exposure to light darken less rapidly than the free base. If these salts are used, however, osazone formation is unsatisfactory, partly because the mineral acid formed by hydrolysis of... 

When diazoaminobenzene is added to a warm aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid, it tends to break up into its original components, i.e., to benzene-diazonium chloride and aniline, and an equilibrium is thus established. The diazonium chloride and the aniline, however, in addition to recombining to form diazoaminobenzene. also undergo direct condensation at the p-hydro-... 

Example. Dissolve 0 3 g. of benzoic acid in a minimum of hot water (about 70 ml.) and add 5% aqueous sodium hydro.xide until the solution is just alkaline to methyl-orange, then add i drop of dilute hydrochloric acid. Pour this solution of the sodium salt into a solution of 0 5 g, of benzylthiouronium chloride in 5 ml. of water, and cool the stirred mixture in ice-water. Filter off the benzylthiouronium salt which has separated, and recrystallise from ethanol con taining 10% of water cream-coloured cr> stals, m.p. i66 . (M.ps., pp. 543 545.)... 

About 150 ml. of concentrated sulphuric acid is placed in the larger funnel and 100 ml. of concentrated hydrochloric acid in the smaller separatory funnel. The latter is raised until the capillary tube is above the sulphuric acid, the capillary tube is filled with concentrated hydrochloric acid, and the stopper replaced. The rate of evolution of hydrogen chloride is controlled by regulation of the supply of hydro chloric acid this will continue until a volume of hydrochloric acid equal to that of the concentrated sulphuric acid has been used. The diluted sulphuric acid should then be removed and the apparatus recharged. The yield is 31-33 g. of hydrogen chloride per 100 ml. of concentrated hydro chloric acid. If more than an equal volume of hydrochloric acid is employed, the yield of gas decreases and continues to be formed for a tune after the stopcock has been closed. 

It may be noted that primary aliphatic amides are readily converted by hydro-xylamlne hydrochloride into hydroxamic acids, which may be detected by the addition of ferric chloride solution ... 

It IS possible to use only one molar equivalent of amine m these reactions if some other base such as sodium hydroxide is present m the reaction mixture to react with the hydro gen chloride or carboxylic acid that is formed This is a useful procedure m those cases m which the amine is a valuable one or is available only m small quantities... 

N-Alkylations, especially of oxo-di- and tetra-hydro derivatives, e.g. (28)->(29), have been carried out readily using a variety of reagents such as (usual) alkyl halide/alkali, alkyl sulfate/alkali, alkyl halide, tosylate or sulfate/NaH, trialkyloxonium fluoroborate and other Meerwein-type reagents, alcohols/DCCI, diazoalkanes, alkyl carbonates, oxalates or malon-ates, oxosulfonium ylides, DMF dimethyl acetal, and triethyl orthoformate/AcjO. Also used have been alkyl halide/lithium diisopropylamide and in one case benzyl chloride on the thallium derivative. In neutral conditions 8-alkylation is observed and preparation of some 8-nucleosides has also been reported (78JOC828, 77JOC997, 72JOC3975, 72JOC3980). 

Sixty-two grams (61 ml., 0.67 mole) of aniline (Note 1) is mixed with 68.5 g. (0.66 mole) of benzonitrile in a 250-ml., widemouthed flask, and, during about 20 minutes, 89 g. (0.67 mole, calculated as AICI3) of a freshly opened sample of powdered, anhydrous aluminum chloride is added in portions with thorough stirring (Note 2). The mixture is then heated at 200° for 30 minutes (Note 3), and, while still molten, is poured slowly into a thoroughly stirred mixture of 20 ml. of concentrated hydro-... 

Ultimate analysis-an analysis to determine the amounts of basic feed constituents. These constituents are moisture, oxygen, carbon, hydro- gen, sulfur, nitrogen, and ash. In addition, it is typical to determine chloride and other elements that may contribute to air emissions or ash- disposal problems. Once the ultimate analysis has been completed, Dulong s formula can be used to estimate the heating value of the sludge, Dulong s formula is ... 

A comparison of the activities of these three alkaloids lias been made by Graliam and Gunn using their antagonism to the effects of carbamjd-choline chloride on isolated mammalian intestine. The relative activities found were, atropine sulphate 1 I-hyoscyamine sulphate 2-4 hyoscine hydro bromide 1-5. The results of previous authors are discussed and reasons suggested for some of the differences found. 

The construction of d-pilocarpine was effected by converting d-Aomopilopoyl chloride (VI COjH COCl) into diazomethyl drhomo-pilopyl ketone (VIII), transformation of the latter by the action of hydro-... 

This technique can be applied to prepare DL-a-fluoromethylputrescme (5-fluoropentane 1,4-diamine), a potent irreversible inhibitor of E colt ornithine decarboxylase, from 4-phthalimido-l -butyryl chloride, diazomethane, and hydro gen fluonde-pyridine [94 95]... 

This group was developed for protection of the 5 -OH group in nucleosides. The derivative is prepared from the corresponding triarylmethyl chloride and is cleaved by reductive cleavage (Zn/AcOH) of the phenacyl ether to the / -hydro-xyphenyldiphenylmethyl ether, followed by acidic hydrolysis with formic acid." ... 

The side chain hydroxy group of 3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-9-methoxy-4//-pyrido[l,2-u]pyrimidin-4-one, and that of its 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro derivative was acylated with MeS02Cl in the presence of NEts in CH2CI2 at room temperature (95MIP4, 96MIP2). The hydroxy group of 2-[4-(4-hydro-xybenzoyl)benzyloxy]-3-methyl-4//-pyrido[l, 2-u]-pyrimidin-4-one, its 6-methyl derivative and 2-[4-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)benzylthio]-3-methyl-4//-pyrido[l, 2-u]pyrimidin-4-one was alkylated with 4-(2-chloroethyl)morpholine hydrochloride and 4-picolyl chloride hydrochloride (96EUP733633). 

Treatment of 2-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl] derivative of 2,3,6,7-tetra-hydro-l//,5//-pyrido[3,2,l-//]quinazoline-l,3-diones with (NH4)2Ce(N03)g afforded 2-unsubstituted derivatives. A 2-unsubstituted derivative was N-alkylated with 4-methoxybenzyl chloride in DMF in the presence of K2CO3 at 50 °C (01MIP22). 

Pallado-. palladous, palladium (II). -chlorid, n. palladous chloride, palladium(II) chloride, -chlorwasserstoffsaure, /. chloropalladous acid, chloropalladic(II) acid, -hydro d, n. palladous hydroxide, palladium(II) hydroxide. 

Phenacyl-6-aminopenicillate HCI D-Phenylglycyl Chloride HCI 4-Hydro xy-1,5-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid-N-succinimide ester... 

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