Chlorella vulgaris

Chlorella vulgaris nitrate reductase structure, 3,1438 Chlorides... 

A similarity-related approach is k-nearest neighbor (KNN) analysis, based on the premise that similar compounds have similar properties. Compounds are distributed in multidimensional space according to their values of a number of selected properties the toxicity of a compound of interest is then taken as the mean of the toxicides of a number (k) of nearest neighbors. Cronin et al. [65] used KNN to model the toxicity of 91 heterogeneous organic chemicals to the alga Chlorella vulgaris, but found it no better than MLR. 

Cronin MTD, Netzeva TI, Dearden JC, Edwards R, Worgan ADR Assessment and modeling of the toxicity of organic chemicals to Chlorella vulgaris development of a novel database. Chem Res Toxicol 2004 17 545-54. 

The main choice of these functions should be based on data from suitable laboratory experiments. This approach has been recently applied to the mathematical study of the allelopathic competition between Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Chlorella vulgaris in an open culture (a chemostat-like device), where the nutrient is a mixture of inorganic phosphates Pi. Here we will illustrate step by step the four mentioned features, observing that each equation of the mathematical model can be actually constructed as a balance equation. 

Pseudokirkneriella subcapitata follows the non-monotone Adrews model (depending on three parameters), whereas, Chlorella vulgaris follows the monotone Michelis-Menten model (depending on two parameters). 

Shigeoka, T., Sato, Y., Takeda, Y. (1988) Acute toxicity of chlorophenols to green algae, Selenastrum capricomutum and Chlorella vulgaris, and quantitative structure-activity relationships. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 7, 847-854. 

Jouany, J.M., P. Vasseur, and J.F. Ferard. 1982. Ecotoxicite directe et integree du chrome hexavalent sur deux niveaux trophiques associes Chlorella vulgaris et Daphnia magna. Environ. Pollut. 27A 207-221. 

Soil alga, Chlorella vulgaris 0.1 and 0.5 mg/L soil water... 

Maeda, S., S. Nakashima, T. Takeshita, and S. Higashi. 1985. Bioaccumulation of arsenic by freshwater algae and the application to the removal of inorganic arsenic from an aqueous phase, n. By Chlorella vulgaris isolated from arsenic-polluted environment. Separation Sci. Technol. 20 153-161. 

Algae are of vital importance in the primary production of the aquatic ecosystem because they are primary producers of the food chain. Several species of green algae are used in toxicity studies of pesticides, especially herbicides such as Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, or the standard test microalga... 

Ting, Y. P., Lawson, F. and Prince, I. G. (1989). Uptake of cadmium and zinc by the alga Chlorella vulgaris Part I. Individual ion species, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 34, 990 999. 

Maeda, S., Mizoguchi, M., Ohki, A. and Takeshita, T. (1990) Bioaccumulation of zinc and cadmium in freshwater alga, Chlorella vulgaris. Part I. Toxicity and accumulation, Chemosphere, 21, 953-963. 

OECD Selenastrum capricornutum, 104 for Scenedesmus subspicatus, S. capricornutum Chlorella vulgaris, others and S. subspicatus, similar biomass for others OECDa 72 h Growth or growth rate 21-25°C 120 pmol m 2 s 1... 

Fig. 2.31. Chromatogram of crude lutein from the microalga Chlorella vulgaris by HPLC analysis, A = lutein. Conditions column reversed-phase C18 column (250 X 4.6 mm i.d., 5 pm) mobile phase methanol-dichloromethane-acetonitrile-water (67.5 22.5 9.5 0.5, v/v) flow rate l.Oml/min detection at 450 nm (a). Chromatogram of crude lutein from the microalga Chlorella vulgaris by preparative HSCCC separation, A = lutein. Conditions column multilayer coil of 1.6mm i.d. PTFE tube with a total capacity of 230ml rotary speed 800rpm solvent system ra-hexane-ethanol-water (4 3 1, v/v) mobile phase lower phase (ethanol-water) flow rate lml/min detection at 254 nm sample size 200 mg retention of the stationary phase 58 per cent (b). Reprinted with permission from H.-B. Li el al. [70].

Bich, N.N. Yaziz, M.I. Bakti, N.A.K. Combination of Chlorella vulgaris and Eichhomia crassipes for wastewater nitrogen removal. Water Res. 1999, 33 (10), 2357-2362. 

In 1990, researchers at Bristol-Myers Squibb reported the isolation of Bmy-41950 (322) from S. staurosporeus strain R10069 (ATCC 55006). This isolate showed in vitro activity against human colon cancer cells (HCT-116) (307). Two years later, Isono et al. reported the isolation of the same natural product from a different Streptomyces sp., S. platensis subsp. malvinus RK-1409 and named it RK-1409 (7-oxostaurosporine) (322) (308,309). In nature, this isolate was obtained in its optically active form [ Id + 38.3 (c 0.06, CHCI3) (309). The PKC inhibitor RK-1409 (7-oxostaurosporine) inhibited the morphological change of a human erythroleukemia cell line, K-562, induced by phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu), and also showed a weak antimicrobial activity against Chlorella vulgaris and Pyricularia oryzae (308). 

Reaction of 232 with 4-substituted l,3-oxazol-5(4/7)-one 247 led to diacylhydrazines 248 or to imidazole derivatives 249 depending on the reaction temperature (Scheme 24). l,2,4-Triazole-3-thione 250 was obtained by a two-step sequence from 232 with phenyl isothiocyanate and subsequent base-catalyzed cyclization of thiosemicarbazide 251. The effects of hydrazones 241-246 on inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport in spinach chloroplasts and chlorophyll content in the antialgal suspensions of Chlorella vulgaris were investigated <2005CEC622>. 

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