Chinese ecosystems

It can be seen that most areas sensitive to acid deposition are in Southeast China, and that insensitive areas are in the Northwest. The sensitive areas, including the catchment of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River and the wide areas to the southward, are 

Soils of class 3 include Lateritic Red Earth in the areas southward from the Nanling Mountain, Red Earth and Yellow Earth between the Nanling Mountain and the Changjiang (Yangtzee) River, Yellow-Brown Earth in the lower reaches of the Changjiang(Yangtzee) River, Subalpine Meadow soil and Alpine Meadow soil on the Plateau of Tibet. 

Class 4 is found in Paddy soil zones sporadically distributed throughout China and in the Purplish soil zone in the Sichuan River Basin. 

Class 5 (the least sensitive) soil include Kashtanozem, Brown soil and Sierozem soil zones in the Plateau of Inner Mongolia and the Loess Plateau, Desert soil zones in He-xi-zou-lang and the Talimu River Basin, Subalpine Steppe soil, Alpine Steppe soil and Alpine Desert soil in the Plateau of Tibet. These kinds of soils, belonging to the soil class of Xerosol or Alpine soil, consist of easy weathering minerals such as carbonate. They show alkaline reactions, with weak leaching and sparse vegetation. Those kinds of soils are insensitive to acid deposition. 

As we can see from this map, sulfur deposition exceeds critical load in a wide land area that amounts to 25% of total Chinese ecosystems, which mainly refers to the southeast of China. Among these areas, the exceedances are especially serious in the lower reaches of Changjiang (Yangtze) River, in the Sichuan River Basin, and in the Delta of Zhujiang River. 

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The critical loads of acid deposition have been mapped for the Chinese ecosystems, as shown in Figure 17. 

Critical loads of sulfur and acidity on Chinese ecosystems... 

Characterize the role of China in transboundary pollution in East Asia. Describe the CL and Ex maps on the area of China. Indicate the reasons of differentiated sensitivity of Chinese ecosystems to acid deposition. 

Deng BQ, Lu LC, Wang DQ (1990) The estimation of the microbial respiratory capacity and carbon balance of the soils in the forest ecosystem of Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve. Tropical and Subtropical Forest Ecosystem 6 41-46 (in Chinese with English abstract)... 

Shen CD, Sun YM, Yi WX, Peng SL, Li ZA (2001) Carbon isotope tracers for the restoration of degenerated forest ecosystem. Quaternary Sciences 21 452 160 (in Chinese with English abstract)... 

These ecosystems develop in a monsoon climate with predominantdistribntionofsnch land-use categories as Dense Deciduous Forest, Dense Deciduous Broad Leaf Forest, and Open Deciduous Broad Leaf Woodland. Two geographic regions are presented East Asian and East Chinese. 

Chinese scholars have started research into the transportation of nutrients to the ocean via the atmosphere and its influence on the marine ecosystem in recent years. There were clear seasonal variations for most of the ions, and the concentrations of major ions from mban area rainwater were apparently higher than those in remote regions. By in situ incubation experiments in the coastal Yellow Sea, the atmospheric deposition with high nitrogen and low phosphorus in the Yellow Sea area was the major nutrient resource for ph3doplankton in the mixed layer during the water stratification period in summer. 

Fang JY, Piao SL, Zhao SQ (2001) The carbon sink The role of the middle and high latitudes terrestrial ecosystems in the northern Hemisphere. Acta Phy-toecol 25(5) 594-602 (in Chinese with English abstract)... 

Siindermanna J, Feng SZ (2004) Analysis and modelling of the Bohai Sea ecosystem A joint German-Chinese study. J Mar Syst 44(3-4) 127-140 Tian T, Wei H, Su J, Zheng CS, Sun WX (2003) Study on cycle and budgets of nutrients in the Yellow Sea. Adv Mar Sci 21(1) 1-11 (in Chinese with English abstract)... 

Wu ZM, Yu GY (1999) A pelagic ecosystem model and simulation of the northern part of Jiao Zhou Bay. I. A simulation study on the pelagic ecosystem seasonal variations. J Ocean Univ Chin 29(3) 429-435 (in Chinese with English abstract) Xing RN, Wang ZG (2001) Numerical modeling of the response of tropical Pacific surface water to event. Acta Meteorol Sin 59(3) 308-316 (in Chinese with English abstract)... 

Su J, Tang Q (2002) Processes of the Bohai Sea Ecosystem Dynamics II. Study on Ecosystem Dynamics in Coastal Ocean. Science Press, Beijing, pp.1-445 (in Chinese)... 

Zhang GS (2004) Atmospheric dry and wet deposition and impact on the marine ecosystem of Yellow Sea and East China Sea. MS Thesis, Chinese Ocean University, Qingdao, pp.1-75 (in Chinese)... 

Song JM (1999) The new viewpoint of the high productivity supporting Nansha coral reef ecosystem-sediment drift-net theory. Stud Mar Sin 41 79-85 (in Chinese with English abstract)... 

Lin Y, Tang SM, Chen XL, Zhuang DF (1994) Effect of inorganic nitrogen on phytoplankton succession in marine ecosystems. Acta Ecol Sin 14(3) 323-326 (in Chinese with English abstract)... 

Liu G, Li D, Lu J, Chen Z, Dong S (1999) Suspending particular matters of shrimp culture in enclosure ecosystems. Chin J Appl Ecol 10(3) 350-352 (in Chinese with English abstract)... 

Xia J, Gao HW (2006) Simulation on seasonal cycle vertical structure of plankton ecosystem in eastern area of South Yellow Sea. J Safety Environ 6(4) 59-65 (in Chinese with English abstract)... 

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