Chewing gum formulation

Valoti, M., et al. 2003. Pharmacokinetics of diphenhydramine in healthy volunteers with a dimenhydrinate 25 mg chewing gum formulation. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 25 377. 

Creatine is sold in powdered, liquid, tablet, capsule, and chewing-gum formulations. The most popular formulation of creatine is creatine monohydrate, which is also the creatine formula that has been most extensively tested in clinical studies. Pure creatine monohydrate is a white, odorless, crystal powder with a faintly sweet taste. Other variations of creatine supplements are available, including creatine citrate and creatine phosphate. However, the clinical data on the effectiveness of these formulas is limited. 

Other applications for chewing gum formulations include delivery of antacids such as calcium carbonate, antiemetics for travel sickness, and vitamins and minerals. However, the potential for a buccal delivery, a fast onset of action, and the opportunity for product line extension makes it an attractive alternative delivery form for other applications. 

Medium and high molar mass polyisobutenes are used essentially as basic materials for sealants and adhesives, as flexibility improvers for waxes and bitumen and as impact additives for thermoplastics. The low toxicity allows their use in chewing gum formulations. Detailed production is not disclosed but it is probably limited to a few tenths of kilotons. Main producers are BASF (Oppanol Bl-3, B10-50, B80-246) and Exxon Chemical (Parapol, Vistanex LM and MM). 

The fact that biodegradable polymers may actually be configured into a suitable polymer gum base, facilitate the possibility of providing a completely biodegradable chewing gum formulation (42). Tradenames appearing in the references are shown in Table 7.9. 

TRs have been of particular importance in the manufacture of adhesives from natural and synthetic rubbers. The adhesive compositions obtained with these resins have an excellent balance of adhesion, cohesion, tackiness, and strength. They provide superior adhesives for applying to backings, providing excellent pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes [102]. TRs also have applications in ink or chewing gum formulations, building engineering, and the paper and leather industries [83,103,104]. 

Rosin ester resins are used as modifiers in the formulation of chewing gum. The rosin derivative modifies the physical properties of the polymer used, providing the desired masticatory properties. The glycerol ester of hydrogenated rosin is the predominant choice, because stabilized materials have improved aging resistance, which extends the shelf life of the gum. 

The principal commercial use of stannous fluoride is in toothpaste formulations and other dental preparations, eg, topical solutions, mouthwash, chewing gum, etc, for preventing demineralization of teeth (21—23) (see Dentifrices). 

In a block copolymer, a long segment made from one monomer is followed by a segment formed from the other monomer. One example is the block copolymer formed from styrene and butadiene. Pure polystyrene is a transparent, brittle material that is easily broken polybutadiene is a synthetic rubber that is very resilient, but soft and opaque. A block copolymer of the two monomers produces high-impact polystyrene, a material that is a durable, strong, yet transparent plastic. A different formulation of the two polymers produces styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), which is used mainly for automobile tires and running shoes, but also in chewing gum. 

Tingling compounds are mostly used in oral-care products and chewing gums. In low amounts, they can be used for spicy formulations. Most of the tingling compounds can trigger salivation to a certain extent [54]. 

There have been attempts in the past to formulate removable chewing gum bases and chewing gum compositions. For example, a non-stick chewing gum may contain a blend of different molecular weight poly(vinyl acetate), filler, non-elastomer solvent resin, and is essentially free of fats and waxes (82). In Table 6.8 a chewing gum cud formulation is given, which can be easily removed from surfaces. 

Medicated chewing gums are gums made with a tasteless masticatory gum base that consists of natural or synthetic elastomers [25]. They include excipients such as fillers, softeners, and sweetening and flavoring agents. Natural gum bases include chicle and smoked natural rubber and are permitted in formulations by the FDA, but modem gum bases are mostly synthetic in origin and approved bases include... 

IVIVCs are often indicated only for obtaining oral formulations. Various data have been presented in the cases of less-classical formulations such as intrauterine devices, chewing gums, ocular inserts, suppositories, etc. For example, for suppositories two main types of formulations exist one based on hydrophilic excipients and the second on lipophilic excipients. The first step is the dissolution of the mass. This means a fusion of the lipophilic base at human body temperature (36-39.5°C) or dissolution for the water-soluble base (even with a high melting point) in the rectal fluid. 

The exclusive use of aspirin is as a medicine. It has three important properties as a drug. It relieves pain, reduces inflammation, and reduces fever. In addition to its effectiveness in treating these medical symptoms, it is inexpensive and available in a variety of forms, including chewable tablets, extended-release formulations, effervescent tablets, and even in chewing gums. Aspirin is often prescribed in low, daily doses as a preventative measure for individuals at risk for heart attack and stroke. 

Uses Foods (coating agent, emulsifier, formulation aid, texturizer) chewing gum base emollient in cosmetics, pharmaceutical ointments migrating to foods from cotton in dry food pkg. perfumery (pomades) lard oil source... 

Figure 14.12 shows continuous production of chewing gum. Each component of the formulation has separate storage tank (1-5) and it is added through different entry ports (10, 18, 8, 16, 20). It is noticeable that entry ports are sparsely distributed along the extruder barrel. This prevents rmwanted back flow of the components which creates discontinuities in the final product. 

Dietary Supplements/Health Foods. Powdered seeds are used in tablets, capsules, combinations, chewing gum, and tea, primarily as a stimulant also in weight loss formulations (duke 3 TYLER 1). 

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