Travel sickness

Calculate the percentage of the stated content of hyoscine hydrobromide in travel sickness tablets from the following data. The assay is carried out in a manner similar to the eyedrop assay described above. The amount of atropine added as an internal standard does not enter into the calculation if we assume that the same amount is added to Solutions 1 and 3. 

Hyoscine crosses the blood-brain barrier more rapidly than atropine, therefore some of the side effects are more pronounced with hyoscine. These include drowsiness, blurred vision, dizziness, dry mouth, and difficulty with micturition, while confusion may occur in the elderly. Efficacy in PONV is only moderate, and it is now rarely used. It is, however, a well-proven remedy for motion sickness, and an effect on the vestibular apparatus may contribute to its action. Here, it is given in the form of the hydrobromide (scopolamine), 1 mg of which contains 0.7 mg of the laevo-hyoscine base. Commercially available seasickness tablets usually contain 0.3 mg and one or two are recommended for protection for short journeys. Side effects preclude the long-term use of hyoscine for travel sickness. 

There are, of course, many other types of drug available which have very specific uses. For example, methyldopa was developed to relieve hypertension (high blood pressure), and antihistamines were developed to help control travel sickness, hayfever and allergic reactions. 

In many reactions the simple saturated nitrogen heterocycles—piperidine, pyrrolidine, piperazine, and morpholine—behave simply as secondary amines that happen to be cyclic. They do the sorts of things that other amines do, acting as nucleophiles in addition and substitution reactions. Morpholine, for example, is acylated by 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl chloride to form the tranquillizer and muscle relaxant trimetozine, and N-methyl piperazine can be alkylated in an S l reaction with diphenylmethyl chloride to give the travel-sickness drug cyclizine. 

Other applications for chewing gum formulations include delivery of antacids such as calcium carbonate, antiemetics for travel sickness, and vitamins and minerals. However, the potential for a buccal delivery, a fast onset of action, and the opportunity for product line extension makes it an attractive alternative delivery form for other applications. 

In an attempt to compensate for the sedative side effect of this compound, a complex with 8-chlorotheophylline 40, dimen-hydrinate, was investigated. In addition to its antihistaminic quality it is also effective against travel sickness. 

Most antihistamines have anticholinergic atropine-like actions and cause a dry mouth and similar side-effects. The clinical uses of H, antihistamines are extensive, particularly for the symptomatic relief of allergy, such as hay fever and urticaria, and (together with corticosteroids) in the acute treatment of anaphylactic shock. Many antihistamines also have antinauseant properties and are used, for instance, to prevent travel sickness (though this property may well result from their anticholinergic actions). The older antihistamines produce drowsiness and this sedative action may be used to help sleep (e.g. promethazine). 

Skin patches are sometimes used for children for travel sickness or ADHD and occasionally for severe pain. Patches must always be applied by an adult. The disposal of patches is particularly important as there will be some active ingredient in the patch reservoir once it has been removed. 

Diphenylhydramine.HCI Stada-Travel Travel sickness Chewing tablet Italy Stada. Germany... 

Early Christian monasticism and the constant flow of travelers and pilgrims brought the first hospices into being. The Hospice of Turmanin (AX). 475) in Syria received all travelers, sick or well. 

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