Chemokine receptors model

Models also can assist in experimental design and the determination of the limits of experimental systems. For example, it is known that three proteins mediate the interaction of HIV with cells namely, the chemokine receptor CCR5, the cellular protein CD4, and the viral coat protein gpl20. An extremely useful experimental system to study this interaction is one in which radioactive CD4, prebound to soluble gpl20, is allowed to bind to cellular receptor CCR5. This system can be used to screen for... 

Tran PB, Ren D, Veldhouse TJ, Miller RJ (2004) Chemokine receptors are expressed widely by embryonic and adult neural progenitor cells. J Neurosci Res 76 20-34 Tran PB, Banisadr G, Ren D, Chenn A, Miller RJ (2007) Chemokine receptor expression by neural progenitor cells in neurogenic regions of mouse brain. J Comp Neurol 500 1007-1033 U eyler N, Sommer C (2008) Cytokine regulation in animal models of neuropathic pain and in human diseases. Neurosci Lett 437 194-198... 

CXCR3 is expressed in the immnne system as two isoforms, CXCR3-A and CXCR3-B. It is an important chemokine receptor associated with varions inflammatory neurodegenerative diseases (e.g. multiple sclerosis) and other models of nenronal injury as reviewed by (Liu et al. 2005). 

Xanthou G, Wilhams TJ, Pease JE (2003) Molecular characterization of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 evidence for the involvement of distinct extracellular domains in a multi-step model of ligand binding and receptor activation. Eur J Immunol 33 2927-2936 Xia MQ, Hyman BT (1999) Chemokines/chemokine receptors in the central nervous system and Alzheimer s disease. J Neurovirol 5 32-41... 

In this chapter, we review the interactions at the level of protein function, between opioid receptors and chemokine receptors, using both in vitro and in vivo model systems. As a part of this discussion, we also describe our current understanding of the biochemical pathway(s) that are involved in the heterologous desensitization process between these groups of receptors. 

Sozzani S, Allavena P, D Amico G, et al. Differential regulation of chemokine receptors during dendritic cell maturation a model for their trafficking properties. J Immunol 1998 161 1083-1086. 

Key Words Chemokines chemokine receptors rheumatoid arthritis murine models. 

Different approaches have been used to probe the role of chemokines and their receptors in experimental models of arthritis for instance, peptide antagonists or immunization of the host to promote the generation of endogenous neutralizing Abs via the use of chemokine plasmid DNA vaccination (Table 4 and Ref. 50), injection of neutralizing antibodies (Table 5), or mice that lack specific chemokine or chemokine receptors (Table 6). 

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