Chemokines and chemokine receptors

Mechanisms of HIV-Induced Neurodegeneration Roles for Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors... 

Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors as Determinants of HIV-1 Infection and Disease... 

Charo IF, Ransohoff RM (2006) The many roles of chemokines and chemokine receptors in inflammation. N Engl J Med 354 610-621... 

Sorensen TL, Sellebjerg F (2001) Distinct chemokine receptor and cytokine expression profile in secondary progressive MS. Neurology 57 1371-1376 Sorensen TL, Tani M, Jensen J, Pierce V, Lucchinetti C, Folcik VA, Qin S, Rottman J, Sellebjerg F, Strieter RM, Frederiksen JL, Ransohoff RM (1999) Expression of specific chemokines and chemokine receptors in the central nervous system of multiple sclerosis patients. J Clin Invest 103 807-815... 

Opioid regulation of chemokine and chemokine receptor expression has several disease- related implications. Viral infection by HIV-1 can be enhanced with opioids that activate MOR while the opposite can be true for opioids that activate KOR. Increased levels of HIV-1 coreceptors, such as CCR5 and CXCR4, can promote viral binding and trafficking of HIV-1 virally infected cells. It is likely that this allows the viral disease to progress in the immune cells of the blood in addition to neurological reservoirs. Alterations of chemokine receptor expression will not only affect viral infection, but also alter immune system function. In certain diseases... 

Ransohoff RM, Liu L, Cardona AE (2007) Chemokines and chemokine receptors multipurpose players in neuroinflammation. Int Rev Neurobiol 82 187-204... 

Until recently, it has been difficult to dissect the relative role of each che-mokine in the inflammatory processes leading to allograft rejection, especially as many chemokines and chemokine receptors are seemingly redundant (2,8). Indeed, during allograft rejection, the expression of many chemokines and chemokine receptors can be detected in the allograft—only a few of which represent viable targets for therapeutic intervention (5,6). 

Segerer S, Alpers CE. Chemokines and chemokine receptors in renal pathology. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2003 12 243-249. 

Mantovani A, Allavena P, Vecchi A, Sozzani S. Chemokines and chemokine receptors during activation and deactivation of monocytes and dendritic cells and in amplification of Thl versus Th2 responses. Int J Clin Lab Res 1998 28 77-82. 

Segerer S, Cui Y, Eitner F, et al. Expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors during human renal transplant rejection. Am J Kidney Dis 2001 37 518-531. 

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