Chemicals compressed gases

Reactive and corrosive chemicals Compressed gases Cryogenic liquids... 

Chemical exposure and highly hazardous chemicals Compressed gases Asbestos, lead, and mercury Hazardous waste Pesticides... 

Aerosol technology may be defined as involving the development, preparation, manufacture, and testing of products that depend on the power of a hquefied or compressed gas to expel the contents from a container. This definition can be extended to iaclude the physical, chemical, and toxicological properties of both the finished aerosol system and the propellants. 

Mcetylene Transmission for Chemical Synthesis, Pamphlet G 1.3, Compressed Gas Association, Arlington, Va., 1984. 

Open-Cycle Operation. In many chemical processes, the product to be cooled can itself be used as the refrigerating Hquid. An example of this is in gathering plants for natural gas. Gas from the wells is cooled, usually after compression and after some of the heavier components are removed as hquid. This Hquid maybe expanded in a refrigeration cycle to further cool the compressed gas, which causes more of the heavier components to condense. Excess Hquid not used for refrigeration is drawn off as product. A typical open-cycle is shown in Figure 12. 

Butadiene is primarily shipped in pressurized containers via railroads or tankers. U.S. shipments of butadiene, which is classified as a flammable compressed gas, are regulated by the Department of Transportation (254). Most other countries have adopted their own regulations (30). Other information on the handling of butadiene is also available (255). As a result of the extensive emphasis on proper and timely responses to chemical spills, a comprehensive handbook from the National Fire Protection Association is available (256). 

Decomposition Flame Arresters Above certain minimum pipe diameters, temperatures, and pressures, some gases may propagate decomposition flames in the absence of oxidant. Special in-line arresters have been developed (Fig. 26-27). Both deflagration and detonation flames of acetylene have been arrested by hydrauhc valve arresters, packed beds (which can be additionally water-wetted), and arrays of parallel sintered metal elements. Information on hydraulic and packed-bed arresters can be found in the Compressed Gas Association Pamphlet G1.3, Acetylene Transmission for Chemical Synthesis. Special arresters have also been used for ethylene in 1000- to 1500-psi transmission lines and for ethylene oxide in process units. Since ethylene is not known to detonate in the absence of oxidant, these arresters were designed for in-line deflagration application. 

Chemical Designations - Synonyms No common synonyms Chemical Formula (CH3)2NH. Observable Characteristics - Physical State (as normally shipped) Compressed gas Color Colorless Odor Fishy strongly ammoniacal. 

Chemical Designations - Synonyms Allene-methylacetylene mixture MAPP gas Methylacetylene-allene mixture Propadiene-methylacetylene mixture Chemical Formula. CH3C=CH+CH2=C=CHj Ohservahle Characteristics - Physical State (as shipped) Liquefied compressed gas Color. Colorless Odor Offensive, like acetylene. 

The foam effect is achieved by the dispersion of inert gas throughout the molten resin directly before moulding. Introduction of the gas is usually carried out by pre-blending the resin with a chemical blowing agent which releases gas when heated, or by direct injection of the gas (usually nitrogen). When the compressed gas/resin mixture is rapidly injected into the mould cavity, the gas expands explosively and forces the material into all parts of the mould. An internal cellular structure is thus formed within a solid skin. 

CGA (Compressed Gas Association, Inc.). 1970 (Reaffirmed 1984). Acetylene Transmission for Chemical Synthesis (Recommended Minimum Safe Practices for Piping. Systems). Publication G-1.3. Compressed Gas Association, Inc., Arlington, VA. 

Class C Fires. Class C fires involve electrical equipment. The extinguisliing agents recoiiuiiended are dry chemicals, carbon dioxide, compressed gas, and vaporizing liquid. 

Rocket propellant is a mixture of combustible substances that is burned inside the combustion chamber of a rocket engine. Burning is the chemical process of decomposition and oxidation of the propellant. The resulting highly heated and compressed gas (propulsive mass) is ejected from a combustion chamber and facilitates propulsion—movement of the aggregate attached to the rocket engine. In physi-... 

The coating material, usually in the form of powder, is metered into a compressed-gas stream and fed into the heat source where it is heated to its melting point and proj ected onto the substrate. In the case of refractory metals and compounds which have high melting points, spraying is carried out in an inert atmosphere to avoid detrimental chemical reactions such as oxidation. 

Compressed gases, therefore, present a unique hazard from their potential physical and chemical dangers. Unless cylinders are secured they may topple over, cause injury to operators, become damaged themselves and cause contents to leak. If the regulator shears off, the cylinder may rocket like a projectile or torpedo dangerously around the workplace. Other physical hazards stem from the high pressure of a cylinder s contents, e.g. accidental application of a compressed gas/air hose or jet onto an open cut or wound, whereby the gas can enter the tissue or bloodstream, is particularly dangerous. 

A chemical for which there is scientifically valid evidence that it is a combustible liquid, a compressed gas, explosive, flammable, an organic peroxide, an oxidizer, pyrophoric, unstable (reactive) or water-reactive. 

Since the whole theme of this book is concerned with unexpected or concealed sources of energy, it is relevant to reiterate that compressed gases may contain a large content of kinetic energy over and above that potentially available from chemical reaction energy possibilities for the gas. A procedure for calculating available kinetic energy from rupture of compressed gas containers is found in... 

The submitters dried the ethylamine and pyridine by distillation over potassium hydroxide pellets. The submitters used 600 ml. of petroleum ether, 113 g. (2.50 moles) of ethyl-amine, and 158 g. (2.00 moles) of pyridine to which was added 135 g. (1.00 mole) of sulfuryl chloride in 250 ml. of petroleum ether. In the United States ethylamine is sold in 100-g. quantities in sealed-glass vials (Eastman Organic Chemicals) or as the compressed gas in cylinders (Matheson Gas Products). The checkers used the contents of a freshly opened vial (without distillation) for each run as a matter of convenience. The checkers used either ])entane or petrolonm eth(M (b.p. 38-51°). 

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