Chemically treated fabrics

Researchers had noted the release of formaldehyde by chemically treated fabric under prolonged hot, humid conditions (85,86). The American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC) Test Method 112 (87), or the sealed-jar test, developed in the United States and used extensively for 25 years, measures the formaldehyde release as a vapor from fabric stored over water in a sealed jar for 20 hours at 49°C. The method can also be carried out for 4 hours at 65°C. Results from this test have been used to eliminate less stable finishes. 

Tensile strength Microfibre fabrics, corduroy, satin, taffeta, flannel, fiannelette, chemically treated fabrics N/A... 

THPOH—Ammonia—Tris Finish. By far the most effective finish for polyester—cotton textiles was a system based on the THPOH—NH treatment of the cotton component either foUowed or preceded by the appUcation of Tris finish to the polyester component. This combined treatment appeared to be effective on almost any polyester—cotton blend. A large amount of fabric treated in this way was sold throughout the United States and much of the rest of the world. Shortly after the introduction of Tris finishing, Tris was found to be a carcinogen. Most of the Tris treated production was in children s sleepwear, and this created a situation in which almost aU chemical fire-retardant-treated textiles were unfairly condemned as dangerous. Manufacturers mshed to replace chemically treated textiles with products produced from inherently flame-resistant fibers. Nowhere was the impact more severe than in the children s sleepwear market. New, safer materials have been introduced to replace Tris. Thus far none has been as completely effective. 

An important newer use of fluorine is in the preparation of a polymer surface for adhesives (qv) or coatings (qv). In this apphcation the surfaces of a variety of polymers, eg, EPDM mbber, polyethylene—vinyl acetate foams, and mbber tine scrap, that are difficult or impossible to prepare by other methods are easily and quickly treated. Fluorine surface preparation, unlike wet-chemical surface treatment, does not generate large amounts of hazardous wastes and has been demonstrated to be much more effective than plasma or corona surface treatments. Figure 5 details the commercially available equipment for surface treating plastic components. Equipment to continuously treat fabrics, films, sheet foams, and other web materials is also available. 

Oakland, B.G., Dodd, R.B., Schabacker, D.J., and Clegg, L.X. (1992a) Preliminary evaluation of nonwoven chemically treated barrier fabrics for field testing of protective clothing for agricultural workers exposed to pesticides, Bull. Environ. 

Fluorescent whitening agents (FWA) are a special type of chemical that can significantly increase the apparent whiteness of treated fabrics. They absorb UV radiation and re-emit the absorbed energy in the blue visible light range which makes the treated fabrics appear whiter. The easiest test for the effect of FWAs is simply a visual examination of the whiteness of treated fabrics. Manufacturer s recommendations should be followed in order to achieve the best whitening effect. 

Dressings for fabricated leather and other materials Drycleaning preparations Dust mats, gelatin Dusting cloths, chemically treated... 

Chemical treatments Easy-care fabrics, for example, are treated using a process that releases formaldehyde and ammonia. Treated fabrics can cause contact dermatitis in susceptible people. 

A variety of cellulose textile materials, including sized cotton yarns and chemically treated cotton fabrics were studied with fourier transform Infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy (FT-IR/PAS) in our laboratory. The distribution of chemical additives into cotton yarns and fabrics was determined using FT-IR/PAS. It is concluded that FT-IR/PAS is a non-destructive and information-rich analytical technique which is uniquely suitable to the near-surface characterization of a variety of cellulose textile materials. The fundamentals of FT-IR/PAS are also reviewed. 

A synergistic system of chemical formulation was developed in order to impart antibacterial activities to the novel slash resistant fabric that has just 13.6% by weight of fibres available as a candidate for this activity. The treated fabric was tested against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria The antimicrobial activity of the treated slash resistant fabric was studied at differeut conceutrations of the chemical formulation, and it was found that the optimum antimicrobial activity was achieved at 10% concentration and, thereafter, the increase in the antimiCTobial activity was not significant. ... 

An electrospinning process was used to fabricate silk fibroin (SF) nanofiber nonwovens for wound dressing applications. The electrospinning of regenerated silk fibroin (SF) was performed with formic acid as a spinning solvent For ciystallization, as-spun SF nanofiber nonwovens were chemically treated with an... 

Sorbent injection technology seems to have the highest potential to remove both elemental and oxidized mercury from the flue gas (Yang et al., 2007). Different sorbents such as activated carbon, chemically treated sorbents and coal additives, calcium-based sorbents, petroleum coke, zeolites, fly ash, other chemically treated carbons or carbon substitutes, etc., are injected into the upstream of either an ESP or a fabric filter baghouse to control mercury emissions (Pavlish et al., 2003 Yang et al, 2007). The cost of this process is low-to-moderate and separate injection systems may be required (Pavlish et al., 2003). 

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