Cotton fabric treated

THPC—Amide—PoIy(vinyI bromide) Finish. A flame retardant based on THPC—amide plus poly(vinyl bromide) [25951-54-6] (143) has been reported suitable for use on 35/65, and perhaps on 50/50, polyester—cotton blends. It is appUed by the pad-dry-cure process, with curing at 150°C for about 3 min. A typical formulation contains 20% THPC, 3% disodium hydrogen phosphate, 6% urea, 3% trimethylolglycouril [496-46-8] and 12% poly(vinyl bromide) soUds. Approximately 20% add-on is required to impart flame retardancy to a 168 g/m 35/65 polyester—cotton fabric. Treated fabrics passed the FF 3-71 test. However, as far as can be determined, poly(vinyl bromide) is no longer commercially available. 

Table 10.49 Oil and water repellency of cotton fabrics treated with perfluorinated acrylic polymers [502]...

Although not a measure of cellulose crosslinking, since mono functional agaits are incapable of crosslinking, the response to hydrolysis conditions of cotton fabric treated with N-methyl, N -hydroxymethylethyleieurea offers evidence of cellulose reaction. This response can be seen in Table II. Formaldehyde is released from the... 

The objective of the present study was to determine whether cotton fabrics treated with alkcdine agents can be protected from degradation during accelerated oven aging. The buffers selected were cxies vhich have been used in paper ocxiservation. Mori line was of particular interest because it can be a( lied from the vapor phase. 

Figure 9. The photoacoustio infrared spectra of (A) the cotton fabrics treated by FFT (B) the corresponding powder sample.

Malucelli, G. (2013). Thermal stability and flame resistance of cotton fabrics treated with whey proteins, 94,373-377. 

S. M. [2005]. The antimicrobial activity of cotton fabrics treated with different crosslinking agents and chitosan,... 

Gupta, D., and Haile, A. (2007). Multifunctional properties of cotton fabric treated with chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan,... 

Muresan, A., Ceremplel, A. Duncu, S., Muresan, R., and Butnaru, R. (2009). Aromatherpeutic charcteristics of cotton fabrics treated with rosmary essential oil. Cell. Chem. TechnoL, 43,435-442. 

Hebeish, A., Waly, A., and Aou-Okeil, A., The effect of molecular weight of chitosan on cotton fabric treated with citric acid and its impact on dyeing with some acid dyes,/. Text. Assoc., 65(5), Jan-Feb (2005), 219-227. 

El-tahlawy, K.F, El-bendary, M.A., Elhendawy, A.G., Hudson, S.M., 2005. The antimicrobial activity of cotton fabrics treated with different cross-Unking agents and chitosan. Carbohydr. Polym. 60,421 30. 

Zhang, Z., Chen, L., Ji, J., Huang, Y., Chen, D., 2003. Antibacterial properties of cotton fabrics treated with chitosan. Text Res. J. 73,1103-1106. 

Dong C, Lu Z, Zhang F. Preparation and properties of cotton fabrics treated with a novel guanidyl- and phosphorus-containing polysiloxane antimicrobial and flame retardant. Mater Lett 2015 142 35-7. 

Arunyadej and Mitchell (1998) analysed the loss of surface fluorine in cotton fabrics treated with fluorocarbon by XPS data and showed that extended washing reduces the surface-fluorine concentration. Bulk-fluorine analysis of the treated fabric similarly shows a reduction in the fluorine... 

Infrared (IR) spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FT IR) spectroscopy can be used to distinguish between generic classes of fibers, i.e., cellulosics and proteins, as each have characteristic absorption bands. A variation of this technique, FT lR-photo-acoustic spectroscopy can nowadays be used to determine the extent of cross-linking in cotton fabrics treated with polycarboxylic acids by measuring the absorption at 1725 cm of the ester groups formed. 

Table 2.4 shows the results of XPS for the cotton fabric treated by air and argon plasmas. Due to the chemical effects of the plasma species, new functional groups were generated, which affected the surface composition. 

Zhang, F, Chen, Y. Y, Lin, H., and Zhang D. S. Performance of cotton fabric treated with an amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer. Fibers and Polymers, 9,515-520 (2008). 

Table 10.2 presents the breaking load and surface appearances of a plain woven cotton fabric treated by different methods. Note that both the fiat appearance and crease retention of LA treated cotton has the same rating as the untreated one, which means that the LA treatment provides dimensional stability and soft hand feeling, but cannot improve the surface appearance. Furthermore, either DMDHEU or SMPU causes an improvement on the surface appearance. When DMDHEU and PU treatments are combined with the LA treatment, the cotton fabrics develop good surface appearance, hand feel and dimensional stabiUty. 

Surface morphology of cotton fabrics treated with ... 

He X, Tko R, Zhou X Wang C, Xie K (2014). Structure and properties of cotton fabrics treated with functionalized dialdehyde chitosan. Carbohydr Polym, 103,558-565. 

Figure 14.2 Cotton fabrics treated with increasing concentrations of silver nanoparticles. Before treatment the fabric is white the color changes from light to dark brown with increasing silver concentrations.

As shown above, flame retardants change the thermal decomposition of cellulose (fibres) to a more intensive char-formation which may be further increased by addition of intumescents [57], These substances not only lead to a thicker char barrier which is well-known as fire protection but also to "char-bonded" structures. They are resistant to air oxidation at elevated temperatures and thus form a second flame and heat barrier. As the thickness of the char layer has a strong influence on the thermal gradient between the surface and the fibre it improves the thermal protection of the material. TG, TMA and DSC were applied to four samples of cotton fabrics treated with different commercial flame retardants and two commercially available intumescents. The results show the interaction between flame-retardant cotton fibres and the intumescents, an enhanced char formation and the expected char-bonded structures [57]. 

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