Centrifuge types, classification

Production and Shipment. Estimated adiponitrile production capacities in the U.S. in 1992 were about 625 thousand metric tons and worldwide capacity was in excess of lO metric tons. The DOT/IMO classification for adiponitrile is class 6.1 hazard, UN No. 2205. It requires a POISON label on all containers and is in packing group III. Approved materials of constmction for shipping, storage, and associated transportation equipment are carbon steel and type 316 stainless steel. Either centrifugal or positive displacement pumps may be used. Carbon dioxide or chemical-foam fire extinguishers should be used. There are no specifications for commercial adiponitrile. The typical composition is 99.5 wt % adiponitrile. Impurities that may be present depend on the method of manufacture, and thus, vary depending on the source. 

There are four (4) major types of pumps (I) positive displacement, (2) dynamic (kinetic), (3) lift, and (4) electromagnetic. Piston pumps are positive displacement pumps. The most common centrifugal pumps are of dynamic type ancient bucket-type pumps are lift pumps and electromagnetic pumps use electromagnetic force and are common in modern reactors. Canned pumps are also becoming popular in the petrochemical industiy because of the drive to minimize fugitive emissions. Figure 10-24 shows pump classification ... 

Solid-Bowl Centrifuge The Bird solid-bowl centrifuge uses powder instead of gravity and can develop centrifugal forces up to 1800 times the force of gravity. It is therefore a unique type in classification practice. 

The compressor or blower installation in a typical refinery or chemical process unit is not out-of-doors completely. Some form of shelter often is provided, ranging from only a roof to a completely closed building. When process equipment such as a centrifugal gas compressor, which is not hazardous in normal operation, is present in the shelter, the hazard classification depends on the extent to that which the shelter restricts ventilation. The extent of the shelter provided determines the area classification and the type of motor enclosure that should be applied. 

A compressor is a machine that is used to increase the pressure of a gas or vapor. They can be grouped into two major classifications centrifugal and positive displacement. This section provides a general discussion of these types of compressors. 

There are two basic types of compressors (1) centrifugal and (2) positive displacement. Both of these major classifications can be further divided into sub-types, depending on their operating characteristics. This section provides an overview of the more common centrifugal and positive-displacement compressors. 

Centrifuges are used for the classification of particles in size ranges below 10 /im. Two types are used solid bowl centrifuges, usually with a cylindrical, conical bowl, rotated about a horizontal axis and nozzle bowl machines, fitted with discs. 

Reference should be made to specialist texts on pumps where classifications of pump types as a function of specific speed are presented. A centrifugal pump is suggested here. 

After fiber extraction, a slurry containing starch, small fiber particles that were not removed during extraction and some remaining protein is obtained. The goal of the classification step is to free the starch slurry of fiber. This classification is done in a separator centrifuge. Figure 11.16 shows a schematic diagram of this type of separator. 

Classification can be performed by centrifuges, cyclones, or air classifiers. In this diapter, the fundamentals of comminution and classification will be discussed in addition to a review of the different types of equipment used for these two steps. Comminution and classification are the most important methods of transformation of minerals to ceramic powders. They are also used for synthetic ceramic powders, because... 

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