Central projection

The X-ray tube generates an X-ray image of the workpiece via central projection. 

In its central projections the vomeronasal pathway, distinguished by a unique lectin-affinity, ascends to an accessory olfactory bulb, while dorsal and ventral pathways supply the dorsal and ventral regions of the main olfactory bulb (Saito and Taniguchi, 2000). The AOS (but not the MOS) of salamanders displays considerable diversity in the... 

Central projection of a cha cavity of Si-CHA intruded-extruded sample after 4 cycles. 

Two olfactory systems have evolved in terrestrial vertebrates which differ in both their peripheral anatomy and central projections. The main olfactory system is usually conceived as a general analyzer that detects and differentiates among complex chemosignals of the environment (Firestein 2001). Odors are detected by olfactory sensory neurons located in the main olfactory epithelium (MOE) these neurons project to glomeruli in the main olfactory bulb (MOB). The mitral and tufted neurons abutting these MOB glomeruli then transmit olfactory signals to various... 

As with many macrosmatic mammals, rodents have two separate chemosensory systems, the main olfactory system (MOS) and accessory olfactory system (AOS), which respond to social odors. Importantly, these sensory systems differ not only in their peripheral morphology and central projections, but also in the types of chemosignals that they process (Meredith 1991). Sensory neurons of the MOS, which are located in the main olfactory epithelium and project to the main olfactory bulbs, process volatile chemicals and can detect odors at a distance. In contrast, sensory neurons of the AOS, which are located in the vomeronasal organs (VNO) and project to the accessory olfactory bulbs, primarily process large, non-volatile chemicals and require contact for stimulation (Meredith 1991). 

Besides the arterial baroreceptors, central projections from other inputs, for example cardiac mecha-no-receptors, chemo-receptors, pulmonary stretch receptors, and somatic inputs, are capable of influencing the controlling system and thereby the autonomic effectors. 

The 3D reconstruction of an object is performed more conveniently in reciprocal (Fourier) space. The 2D Fourier transform of a projection of an object is identical to a plane of 3D Fourier transform of the original object normal to the projection direction (electron beam). The origin of each 2D Fourier transform of a projection is identical to the origin of the 3D Fourier transform of an object, provided that the projections are aligned so that they have the same (common) phase origin. This is known as the Fourier slice theorem or the central projection theorem. 

Adults continue to associate new odors with pleasant and unpleasant situations in social and sex life, work and recreation, and concerning food and drink. The human patterns of odor recognition and preferences do not merely involve the olfactory nerve and its central projections. Learned associations are formed and stored in memoiy. To retrieve odor information, we need affective and cognitive components, as well as verbal descriptors. Without the latter, an odor appears familiar but cannot be labeled, the tip-of-the-nose-phenomenon (Lawless and Engen, 1977). 

Figure 4.11 Central projections of a rotating hypercube in four-space. Starting from the left and going clockwise, the shade cube opens toward the bottom if the rotation is continued, the small cube will flatten out and come back to become the large exterior cube. (After Banchoff)...

Bogner F., Boppre M., Ernst K. D. and Boeckh J. (1986) C02 sensitive receptors on labial palps of Rhodogastria moths (Lepidoptera Arctiidae) physiology, fine structure and central projection. J. Comp. Physiol. [A] 158, 741-749. 

Distler P. and Boeckh J. (1997a) Central projections of the maxillary and antennal nerves in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. J. Exp. Biol. 200, 1873-1879. 

Kent K. S., Harrow I. D., Quartararo P. and Hildebrand J. G. (1986) An accessory olfactory pathway in Lepidoptera the labial pit organ and its central projections in Manduca sexta and certain other sphinx moths and silk moths. Cell Tissue Res. 245, 237-245. 

Fig. 3. Hard-sphere scale model of the Al(l 11)—(2 x 2)—Rb structure, where Rb atoms are adsorbed in on-top sites, a) top view, in which the unit cell is marked, b) side view, shown as a central projection on the [112] plane through the dashed line in a). The directions of vertical displacements of A1 atoms are indicated by arrows.

Fig. 8. Hard-sphere scale models of the structures of the x 3)R30° phases formed by adsorption of a) Li, b) Na, c) K, and d) Rb on Al(l 11) at room temperature, shown as central projections on the [112] plane tilted by 10° with respect to the plane of the paper.

Alioto TS, Ngai J (2005) The odorant receptor repertoire of teleost fish. BMC Genomics 6 173 Anton S et al (2003) Central projections of olfactory receptor neurons from single antennal and palpal sensilla in mosquitoes. Arthropod Struct Dev 32 319-327 Bartelt RJ et al (1985) cis-Vaccenyl acetate as an aggregation pheromone in Drosophila mela-nogaster. J Chem Ecol 11 1747-1756... 

Inoshita T, Tanimura T (2006) Cellular identification of water gustatory receptor neurons and their central projection pattern in Drosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103 1094-1099 Ishimoto H, Tanimura T (2004) Molecular neurophysiology of taste in Drosophila. Cell Mol Life Sci 61 10-18... 

Hamilton RB, Norgren R (1984) Central projections of gustatory nerves in the rat. J Comp Neurol 222 560-577... 

Contreras RJ, Beckstead RM, Norgren R. 1982. The central projections of the trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves An autoradiographic study in the rat. J Auton Nerv Syst 6 303-322. 

Figure 2A An amino acid, a peptide and an amide. AU diagrams are projections of molecules on the plane of the figure. These projections are shown with conventional chemical symbols in the left part. The same projections are shown in the right part with spheres that make the stereostructures appear more clearly. For the amide in the bottom diagram, the chemical symbols correspond to the projection with spheres on the right, while the central projection (with spheres) is obtained from the other two projections by a rotation around the N-C axis of the molecule of about 90°. In all three diagi ams of this amide, the N-C axis is the A-axis of the figure.

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