Processor/central processing unit

Vector Processor Central processing unit that executes an array of data, processing the data sequentially by decomposing the arithmetic units into components that execute multiple numbers in parallel. 

The brain of any computer is the Central Processing Unit (CPU). This component does all of the calculations and performs 90 percent of all the functions of a computer. There are many different types of processors for computers. So many, in fact, that you will learn about them later in this chapter in The CPU section. Typically, in today s computers, the processor is the easiest component to identify on the motherboard. It is usually the component that has either a fan or a heat sink (or sometimes both) attached to it (as shown in Figure 2.7). These devices are used to draw away the heat a processor generates. This is done because heat is the enemy of microelectronics. Theoretically, a Pentium (or higher) processor generates enough heat that, without the heat sink, it would self-destruct in a matter of hours. 

The role of the CPU, or central processing unit, is to control and direct all the activities of the computer using both external and internal buses (see the subsection titled The Bus later in this topic). It is a processor chip consisting of an array of millions of transistors. 

The choice of computer processor may also have an impact on the results of fitting a nonlinear regression model. Wakelkamp solved an indirect response model described by three differential equations on four computers with different central processing units using the... 

A single processor system, depicted in Fig. 19.1 is usually composed of a controller, a data path, a memory, and an input/output unit. The functions of these units can be combined, and there are many names for each unit. The combined controller and data path are sometimes called the central processing unit (CPU). The data path is also called an arithmetic and logical unit (ALU). 

This model was first described by Musa in 1975. It assumes that faUmes occur as a nonhomogeneous Poisson process. The units of failure intensity are failures per central processing unit (CPU) time. This relates failure events to the processor time used by the software. In the BETM, the reduction in the failure intensity function remains constant, irrespective of whether the first or the Mh failure is being fixed. 

The wiring created by two or more components tightly linked, such as a central processing unit (CPU) and its cache or a digital signal processor (DSP) and its input/output (I/O) control... 

The computer s central processing unit (CPU) is the portion of a computer that retrieves and executes instructions. The CPU is essentially the brain of a CAD system. It consists of an arithmetic and logic unit (ALU), a control unit, and various registers. The CPU is often simply referred to as the processor. The ALU performs arithmetic operations, logic operations, and related operations, according to the program instructions. 

The ASC Central Processor (CP) is made up of three types of components (see Figure 1) The Instruction Processing Unit (IPU),... 

CPU central processing nnit communications processor unit... 

On the hardware side, other speedup strategies are essentially based on the simple idea that since hardware is becoming less and less expensive, one may use many processing units instead of only one and split up the job. Parallelization and clustering strategies belong to this family either the central processors carry out many calculations at the same time, as in parallel machines, or physically separate machines actually load different parts of the total job, as happens in clusters, which may nowadays contain up to 50-100 computers. In both cases the big problem is the synchronization... 

Another basic question is what type of facility would be most applicable —i.e., is a fixed or a mobile irradiator most applicable If a fixed facility is applicable, should it be an in-plant unit or a central facility to be used by several processors Seasonal availability of a product, near one location, is critical to the economics of radiation processing since typical capital costs for a moderate food irradiation plant may run anywhere between a quarter and two million dollars or more. Where there are relatively short harvest seasons, it would be economically advantageous to plan for irradiation of several products. This, however, requires a more flexible or versatile conveying system past the radiation source and generally less efficient use of the radiation. Thus, while a slight increase in capital cost may be required, the unit cost for processing would be less. 

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