Central nervous system chemokine receptor expression

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Expression of Chemokine Receptors in Cells Intrinsic to the Central Nervous System... 

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Whereas most of these chemokines and their receptors are functional on cells of the immune system, it has become clear that the expression of these proteins is not restricted to immune cells. Under the influence of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-ip, TNF-a and IFNy, that are released during inflammation, many cell types are able to produce chemokines or upregulate receptor expression. Some representative cell types include endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, tumor cells, and cells of the central nervous system (CNS)—specifically astrocytes, microglia, and neurons. Endothelial cells under the appropriate stimuli are able to upregulate chemokine expression to attract cells from the periphery to sites of inflammation. Once attracted to a site of inflammation the immune cells express a number of counter molecules for attachment to adhesion proteins expressed on the surface of endothelium. This... 

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