Cellulose plastics propionate

Uses/Sources. Synthesis of fungicides, herbicides, pharmaceuticals, flavorings, and perfumes production of propionates and cellulose propionate plastics present naturally in dairy products... 

Although Lhe first cellulose plastic (cellulose nitrate plastic-based on an inorganic ester of cellulose) was developed in 1865. the first organic cellulose ester plastic was not offered commercially until 1927. In that year, cellulose acetate plastic became available as sheets, rods, and tubes. Two years later, in 1929. it was offered in the form of granules for molding. It was the first thermoplastic sufficiently stable to be melted without excessive decomposition, and it was the first thermoplastic to be injection molded. Cellulose acetate butyrate plastic became a commercial product in 1938 and cellulose propionate plastic followed in 1945. The latter material was withdrawn after a short time because of manufacturing difficulties, but it reappeared and became firmly established in 1955. 

Use Propionates, some of which are used as mold inhibitors in bread and fungicides in general herbicides preservative for grains and wood chips emulsifying agents solutions for electroplating nickel perfume esters artificial fruit flavors pharmaceuticals cellulose propionate plastics. 

Alcohol resins, polyvinyl Alkyd resins Allyl resins Butadiene copolymers, containing less than 50 percent butadione Carbohydrate plastics Casein plastics Cellulose nitrate resins Cellulose propionate (plastics) Coal tar resins Condensation plastics Coumarone-iodene resins Cresol resins Cresol-furfural resins Dicyandiamine resins Diisocyanate resins Elastomers, nonvulcanizable (plastics)... 

Uses as a mold inhibitor in bread and cheese products in fongicides and herbicides preservative for grains and wood chips in emulsifying agents in solutions for electroplating nickel, perfume esters, artificial fruit flavors, pharmaceuticals, and cellulose propionate plastics A... 

Cellulose propionate plastics produced in a similar manner to cellulose acetate. Used in the USA for port-... 

The most important of the esters is cellulose acetate. This material has been extensively used in the manufacture of films, moulding and extrusion compounds, fibres and lacquers. As with all the other cellulose polymers it has, however, become of small importance to the plastics industry compared with the polyolefins, PVC and polystyrene. In spite of their higher cost cellulose acetate-butyrate and cellulose propionate appear to have retained their smaller market because of their excellent appearance and toughness. 

While other organic esters are commercially available, namely cellulose butyrate and cellulose propionate, by far the most widely used is cellulose acetate, which is available as plastics, in films, sheets, fibers, and lacquers. Cellulose acetate is used in the manufacture of display packaging and as extruded film for decorative signs, and to coat a variety of fibers. Injected molded products include toothbrush handles, combs, and brushes. It is also used in lacquers and protective coatings for metal, glass, and paper. Cellulose acetate films are used in reverse osmosis to purify blood, fruit juices, and brackish water. Some eyeglass frames are... 

Since the cellulose esters CA. CAB, and CP are chemical raw materials, the won plastic was used in the preceding paragraph to differentiate the product from the raw material. The cellulose ester plastics are commonly called simply "acetate. butyrate." and "propionate." and these names will be used in the text that follows. 

The organic cellulose ester plastics are versatile materials and can be processed by almost any hot-processing technique used for thermoplastics. The principal techniques for all three plastics are injection molding and extrusion. Blow molding is also possible. Butyrate and propionate powder are used in tluidized-bed and electrostatic coating processes, as well as in the rotational molding process. 

PROPIONATE PLASTICS. See Cellulose Ester Plastics (Organic). 

The cellulose nitrate plastics were adaptable, easy to work, and quite durable, but had the disadvantages of being plasticized with camphor and flammability (they burnt, in fact, quite violently). At one time the smell of camphor was thought pleasant (even therapeutic) but instances have been cited of harm to children attributed to inhaling this vapour. So, while the acetates were not quite so attractive in terms of ease of fabrication it was inevitable eventually that the so-called safety plastic would supersede its forerunner. Among other uses it was stitched into motor car tonneau covers as flexible glazing, and thicker transparent sheet was cut and formed into cockpit canopies for aircraft [though by that time the material preferred for this purpose was poly(methyl methacrylate)]. Later on, in their turn, sheets made from cellulose acetate butyrate and propionate took over some of the uses of earlier commercial materials. 

Cellulosics (Cellulose Acetate, Cellulose Acetate Butyrate, Cellulose Propionate, Ethyl Cellulose, Cellulose Nitrate). Cellulosics are among the toughest of plastics. However, they are temperature-limited and are not as resistant to extreme environments as other thermoplastics. The four most prominent industrial cellulosics are cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose propionate, and ethyl cellulose. A fifth member of this group is cellulose nitrate. 

Cellulosics cellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose nitrate, cellulose propionate, ethyl cellulose Methanol, isopropanol 1. Abrasion. Grit or vapor blast or 220-grit emery cloth followed by solvent degreasing. 2. After procedure 1, dry the part at 100°C for 1 h and apply adhesive before the plastic cools to room temperature. For general-purpose bonding... 

Used as low-temperature-resistant and low-viscosity plasticizer for PVC and its copolymers and cellulose esters, e.g., cellulose acetate butyrate, and cellulose propionates. May be found in eyeglass frames, safety goggles, animal collars, decorative trims and various types of film. 

Cellulose acetate and mixed ester (include acetate butyrate and propionate plastics)... 

Cellulose esters such as cellulose acetobutyrate and cellulose propionate, which originally required plasticizers, are today blended with EVA and EVA graft polymer, respectively, to convert them into thermoplastic products (47). 

Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) also has high dissolving capacity for CN. It has good compatibility with cellulose esters and are used in celluloid made fi-om CN and plastic compounds or films made from other cellulosic polymers, cellulose acetate (CA), cellulose acetate-butyrate (CAB), cellulose acetate-propionate (CAP), and cellulose propionate (CP). It is light stable but highly volatile. Diethyl phthalate (DEP) possesses properties similar to DMP and is slightly less volatile. 

Other cellulosics, cellulose acetate butyrate and propionate are cemented in accordance with the technique described for cellulose acetate. In the case of dope cements, the plastic to be dissolved in solvents is cellulose propionate. Similarly for ethyl cellulose plastic, the strongest bonds are made by solvents or by solvents bodied with ethyl cellulose plastic. 

Cellulose acetate is the most well known plastic with a cellulose base. Others are cellulose acetobutyrate and cellulose propionate. Cellulose hydrate may be used as a vulcanized fiber. Cellulose may be identified fairly simply. Dissolve or suspend a sample in acetone, react it with 2-3 drops of a 2 % solution of a-naphthol in ethanol, and carefully introduce a layer of concentrated sulfuric acid under this. At the phase boundary, a red to red-brown ring forms. In the presence of cellulose nitrate, a green ring forms. Sugars and lignin produce interference. For differentiation between cellulose acetate and cellulose acetobutyrate, it is usually sufficient to examine the vapors produced by dry heating of the sample. The acetate smells like acetic acid the acetobutyrate smells of both acetic acid and butyric acid (like rancid butter). 

Uses Plasticizer for polyvinyl and cellulosic resins inch NC lacquers and films, PVC flooring/plastisols, PVAc adhesives/sealants/caulks, acrylic coatings, chlorinated rubber, cellulose propionate, polyamide, castable PU organic intermediate film-former, plasticizer in cosmetics plasticizer in food-contact polymers in food-pkg. adhesives in paper/pa-perboard in contact with aq./fatty/dry foods solvent for adjuvants in food-contact crosslinked polyesters Features High-solvating... 

The property profile of cellulose-based plastics and cellulose products used in typical plastics applications covers a broad range where the intrinsic cellulose properties can be recognized to different degrees. So, hydrophilicity is a prominent feature for pure cellulose products, which is reduced as the number of ester substituents and their chain length is increased. Equilibrium moisture content of cellulose fibres, for example, is around 12% while the moisture regain of diacetate fibres is 6.5% and of triacetate fibres 3.2% [43]. In this respect, propionic and butyric esters are superior when fully substituted, but even mixed esters of the CAP and CAB types... 

Acetic acid Acetone L-Camphor Caprolactam 2,2-Dimethylpropanol Ethylcellulose Ethylene 2-(5-Ethyl-2-pyridyl)ethyl acrylate Heptyl alcohol N-Isopropyl-N -phenyl-p-phenylenediamine Levulinic acid Nonanoic acid Rosin plastic mfg., cellulose propionate Propionic acid plastic pipe Polypropylene plastic resins Cobalt phosphate (ous) plastic wood s-Amyl acetate... 

Glycol stearate Hydroabietyl phthalate Isooctyl palmitate PEG-6 PEG-8 PEG-12 PEG-20 Propylene glycol stearate plasticizer, cellulose propionate Butyl benzyl phthalate plasticizer, cellulosics Acetyl tri butyl citrate Acetyl triethyl citrate Butyl acetoxystearate Butyl benzyl phthalate Butyl oleate... 

Historically, the first plastics were prepared by chemical modification of the natural macromolecular materials. Cellulosic plastics such as cellulose acetate, cellulose acetobutyrate, cellulose propionate, ethyl cellulose, viscose fibres and films are still used in the industry. 

These plastics (cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB), cellulose nitrate, cellulose propionate, and ethyl cellulose) are ordinarily solvent cemented, but for bonding to non-solvent-cementable materials, conventional adhesives must be used. Adhesives commonly used are polyurethanes, epoxies, and cyanoacrylates. Cellulosic plastics may contain plasticizers that are not compatible with the adhesive selected. The extent of plasticizer migration should be determined before an adhesive is selected. Recommendations for conventional adhesives for specific cellulosic types are as follows ... 

Cellulose, whose repeat structure features three hydroxyl groups, reacts with organic acids, anhydrides, and acid chlorides to form esters. Plastics from these cellulose esters are extruded into film and sheet and are injection molded to form a wide variety of parts. Cellulose esters can also be compression molded and cast from solution to form a coating. The three most industrially important cellulose ester plastics are cellulose acetate (CA), cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB), and cellulose acetate propionate (CAP), with structures as shown in Fig. 2.2. 

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