Cellulose enzyme activity

Fig. 7. Lineweaver-Burk plots for no inhibition, glucose and cellobiose inhibition in <25 p cellulose, enzyme activity —2.0FP, temp. 50 C...

Materials Sargassum fusiforme (sampled from Shengsi island), cellulose (enzyme activity > 15 000 U/g, sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd), trypsin (enzyme activity > 25 U/g, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd). The other reagents are all analytically pure. 

Reverse transcriptase (from avian or murine RNA tumour viruses) [9068-38-6] [EC 2.7.7.49]. Purified by solubilising the virus with non-ionic detergent. Lysed virions were adsorbed on DEAE-cellulose or DEAE-Sephadex columns and the enzyme eluted with a salt gradient, then chromatographed on a phosphocellulose column and enzyme activity eluted in a salt gradient. Purified from other viral proteins by affinity chromatography on a pyran-Sepharose column. [Verna Biochim Biophys Acta 473 1 7977 Smith Methods Enzymol 65 560 1980 see commercial catalogues for other transcriptases.]... 

Each fruit has specific quantities and ratio of pectin, hemicelluloses and cellulose. These polysaccharides are important concerning enzymes activities required to produce juices and concentrates. Moreover, even if molecular weight and methylation degree of the pectin are specific for each fruit, during the fruit maturation, endogenous pectinases depolymerases and esterase are changing the pectin characteristics This broad variability of raw material makes difficult the standardisation of fruits processing. 

The titers of cellulase activities found in anaerobic digesters, when compared to the few other "hydrolytic environments" for which analytical data are available, are strikingly low. Table III shows such values for filter paper and carboxymethyl cellulose degrading activities. This evidence seems to indicate that the cellulose degrading enzymes in ... 

The effects of feedstock cellulose content on cellulase enzyme activities in the digester system were examined in multiple laboratory-scale CSTR digesters operated under similar conditions with identical levels of feedstock organic loading (g VS/reactor d) but different levels of cellulose (Solka Floe). In general, all celli se enzyme... 

Figure 1. Comparison of the effects of feedstock cellulose content on specific ceUulase enzyme activities in sludge from 4 CSTR reactors operated under similar conditions. Although the cellulose content of the feedstock was varied, the total volatile solids content for all reactors was equivalent.

Figure 2. Comparisons of cellulose degradation of the MSW feedstock with specific cellulase enzyme activities in sludge from 7 CSTR digesters operated under different retention times and various conditions of nutrient limitation.

Current data indicate that the analysis of cellulase enzyme activities may be the best method for determining the projected cellulose conversion of the overall system, and therefore the hydrolytic power of the system under evaluation. With development, the analysis of enzyme activities may also serve as a "real time" method of monitoring the stability of the system, with radical changes in enzyme activities indicative of potential process upset. 

Wheat straw. Wheat straw ground to 20 mesh was treated with 2% NaOH solution (wt/vol) in 1 2 (solidiliquid) ratio at 121 C for 0.5 h (i.e., 4 g NaOH/100 g wheat straw). Trichoderma reesei QMY-1 was grown on pretreated wheat straw in SSF as well as in LSF under otherwise identical culture conditions. The SSF was carried out with full nutrient concentrations in one set and with one-half nutrient concentrations in the other set to evaluate the possible deleterious effects of elevated osmotic pressure. T reesei QMY-1 produced FP cellulase of 8.6 lU/ml (430 lU/g cellulose or 172 lU/g substrate) in 22 days. This showed that the organism was able to tolerate the high salt concentrations required in the SSF. In contrast, when the nutrients were supplied in one-half concentration, FP cellulase activity dropped to 6.7 lU/ml (335 lU/g cellulose or 134 lU/g substrate). However, the maximum enzyme activity was obtained one week earlier (14 days) than that obtained with full salt concentrations (Table I). 

Figure 1. Induction of xylanases in Trichoderma harzianum. The ratios of xylanase to endocellulase activities were determined in the culture filtrates of T. harzianum grown on steam treated aspenwood. Aspen chips were steam treated from 20 to 240 s at 240° C to produce a series of samples with a variable content of xylan and cellulose. The specific content of these carbohydrates were expressed as the ratio of xylan to glucan. Enzyme activities were determined on culture filtrates of 300 mL batch cultures of T. harzianum grown on these wood samples at a loading of 1% (w/v) as described by Saddler and Mes-Hartree (66). Enzyme activities were also determined in culture filtrates of T. harzianum grown on Avicel, Solka Floe and oat spelts xylan.

T0807 Thorneco, Inc., Enzyme-Activated Cellulose Technology... 

T0796 Thermatrix, Inc., PADRE Air Treatment Systems T0803 ThermoRetec, Prepared Bed Bioremediation T0807 Thorneco, Inc., Enzyme-Activated Cellulose Technology T0817 T-Thermal Company, Submerged Quench Incineration... 

The enzyme-activated cellulose technology is an ex situ process that was designed to treat contaminated water. Cellulose, coated with a proprietary enzyme, is used to remove metals and organic compounds from an aqueous solution. 

According to the vendor, the cost of implementing the enzyme-activated cellulose technology can reach as low as 0.40 per 1000 gal of contaminated water treated (D140738, p. 52). 

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