Smith method

Reverse transcriptase (from avian or murine RNA tumour viruses) [9068-38-6] [EC 2.7.7.49]. Purified by solubilising the virus with non-ionic detergent. Lysed virions were adsorbed on DEAE-cellulose or DEAE-Sephadex columns and the enzyme eluted with a salt gradient, then chromatographed on a phosphocellulose column and enzyme activity eluted in a salt gradient. Purified from other viral proteins by affinity chromatography on a pyran-Sepharose column. [Verna Biochim Biophys Acta 473 1 7977 Smith Methods Enzymol 65 560 1980 see commercial catalogues for other transcriptases.]... 

T. R. Thomas and K. W. Smith. Method of maintaining subterranean formation permeability and inhibiting clay swelling. Patent US 5211239,1993. 

An important role in the mechanism is plaid by the applied particles of metal. One can conclude so from the experiments in studying heterogeneous deactivation of RGMAs on a pure and Au microcrystal-activated surfaces of glass and zinc oxide [162], The experiments were conducted by the Smith method, Au/ZnO sensors being used as RGMA detectors. The results of these investigations are tabulated in Tables 5.3. 

Another form of displayed peptide library is the FliTrx Random Peptide Display Library (Invitrogen, Paisley, UK), which uses the bacterial flagellum to display random peptide libraries on the E. coli cell surface (14). This library was constructed in the pFliTrx vector, which positions the random peptides in a flagellin (Fli) thioredoxin (Trx) fusion protein. Biopanning with bacteria works surprisingly well in our experience (15) and screening on nitrocellulose is similar to the Smith method. 

As mentioned at the outset, this simplified procedure may not be as consistently reliable as the slightly longer Maat and Smith method. It is capable of giving excellent results, however, and if a nick translation method is chosen as the sequencing tool it may be worth attempting a one-off experiment using the simplified procedure described. 

Bicyclo [5.1.0] octane, [6.1.0] nonane and [10.1.0] tridecane XII, obtained from the corresponding cyclenes by the Simmons-Smith method (26), were polymerized in solution in methylene chloride in presence of BF3-Et20, TiCh, or SnCU. The mixture was placed in a sealed tube and maintained at temperatures between 20° and 80 °C. for 60 to 200 hours. The numerous experiments carried out always gave oligomers of a low degree of polymerization—i.e., 2 to 4—but the degrees of conversion were nonetheless relatively high (up to 60%). 

Androstenolone, 1, can be transformed microbiologically to the 7a,15a-dihy-droxy derivative 2 by the action of Colletotrichium Uni. During formation of the acetal (3), inversion takes place on C-7. Acidic cleavage of 3 results in the triol, 4, which can also be produced by direct acidic catalysis from 2 [12,13]. After selective protection to the 3/l,15a-dipivalate (5), the 15/1,16/1-methylene compound, 6, can be synthetized, and then stereoselectively transformed to the 5/ ,6/ -epoxide, 7. This reacts with triphenylphosphine and tetrachloromethane in pyridine to produce the 7a-chloro derivative, 8. On treatment with zinc and acetic acid, 8 can be converted to the key compound 9, which has a 5/i-hydroxy-6-ene structure. Compound 9 can then be methylenated stereoselectively in the 6/1,7/1 position by the Simmons-Smith method. The last three steps - 10 —> 11 —> 12 — drospirenone -include the build-up of the spironolactone ring, after which water is lost from the molecule and oxidation affords drospirenone. 

R. J. Smith, Methods Carbohydr. Chem., 4, 36-41 (1964) K. Fischer, Angew. Chem., 48,394-396 (1935) J. Mitchell and D. M. Smith, Aquametry. Application of the Karl Fischer Reagents to Quantitative Analysis Involving Water, Interscience, New York, 1948. 

This procedure illustrates a general method for the preparation of phenylcyclopropanes from cinnamic acids, esters, aldehydes, or alcohols. It complements the Simmons-Smith reaction as a general method for the preparation of such cyclopropanes. It offers advantages over the Simmons-Smith method in cases in... 

The reaction of Michael acceptors with dimethyloxosulfonium methanide has been extensively explored. " In addition to carbene (or carbenoid) additions (Section 1.2.1.) and the Simmons-Smith method, " (see also Section 1.2.1.1.) this is the most widely utilized method for the introduction of a cyclopropane ring, in good to excellent yield, to a,)S-unsaturated... 

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