Cells for high pressure

Optical absorption, of hydrogenated and hydrogen- free films, 17 206 Optical amplifiers, 11 145-146 Optical applications U.S. patents in, 12 614t of vitreous silica, 22 440-441 Optical cavities, 14 849 Optical cells, for high pressure measurements, 13 417-419 Optical coatings, cerium application,... 

Fig. 7. Screw-in conductivity cell for high-pressure service...

Fig. 12.84. Cell for high-pressure measurements. The drilled hole constitutes the void space into which the H2 diffuses. The H2 gas in the void space arises from H atoms deposited on the outside of the Pd cylinder, which functions as an electrode when the cell above is supplied with solution and the current is turned on. (Reprinted from Z. Minevski, dissertation, Texas A M University, 1995.)... 

A suitable infrared cell must be used for study of catalyst surfaces under controlled conditions. Many cell designs have been published, but no cell design is ideal. Cells made of Pyrex and fused quartz are usual. A cell for high-pressure infrared study must be made of metal, which entails possible problems with metal contamination. Even when a cell does not produce contaminants, metals from catalyst samples can be deposited on cooler portions of the cell via formation of volatile oxides, carbonyls, etc.. These metals may again form carbonyls or other volatile compounds during... 

Following the same principles as those which govern the designing of cells for absorption experiments, Raman cells for high-pressure, high- temperature studies have also been constructed by Lindner and Franck (see Tddheide, 1972). A Raman cell for use up to 7 kbar and 250 °C (Eckel et al., 1981) is shown in Fig. 6.7-8. 

Suppes, G. J., and M. A. McHugh. 1989a. A variable-volume infrared cell for high-pressure studies. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 60 666-669. 

Figure 3.2-27 Modified cell for high-pressure NMR measurements with supercritical fluid A, titanium valve assembly B, titanium pressure sensor C, needle valve D, sapphire tube E, glue clearance ...

Figure 6. Schematic of UHV surface analysis system equipped with sample isolation cell for high pressure (1-20 atm)...

Gregg, C.J., et al., A variable-volume optical pressure-volume-temperature cell for high-pressure cloud points, densities, and infrared-spectra, applicable to supercritical-fluid solutions of polymers up to 2 Kbar. Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, 1994. 39(2) p. 219-224. 

A photograph and a schematic diagram of this system are shown in Figs. I and 2, respectively. It consists of a conventional stainless-steel UHV chamber within which an isolation cell for high-pressure studies is situated. The chamber is cylindrical in shape and has a diameter of 12 in. Ultrahigh vacuum is obtained by a mechanically backed Varian I 200 1/s diffusion pump with a liquid nitrogen trap, in combination with a water-cooled titanium sublimation pump. The background pressure of the system is lower than 1 X 10" Torr. 

FIGURE 37.25 Process liquid cell for high pressure and high temperature liquids. (Courtesy of Speeae Ltd., UK.)... 

Fig. lUl Electrochemical detector cells for high-pressure liquid ctiromatography. (a) Porous lectrode cell for coulometric detection in high-pressure liquid chromatography (Courtesy Coulochem). (b) Thin-layer ampcrometric detector for high-pressure liquid chromatography, (c) The Wall jet ampcrometric odl. (Courtesy EDT Research.)... 

H Yamada. Pressure-resisting glass cell for high pressure, high resolution NMR measurements. Rev Sci Instrum 45 640-642, 1974. 

Quednau J and Schneider G M 1989 A new high-pressure cell for differential pressure-jump experiments using optical detection Rev. Sc/. Instnim. 60 3685-7... 

FIGURE 23.15 Typical pressure cells as used for high-pressure absorption testing (before insulation applied). 

Need for high-pressure, small-volume flow-cell... 

Careful attention to such detail is necessary as a second line of defence against the effects of reactive hazards. The level of protection considered necessary may range from the essential and absolute minimum of effective eye protection, via the safety screen, fume cupboard or enclosed reactor, up to the ultimate of a remotely controlled and blast-resistant isolation cell (usually for high-pressure operations). In the absence of facilities appropriate to the assessed level of hazard, operations must be deferred until such facilities are available. 

Mori, D., Kobayashi, N., Shinozawa, T. et al. (2005). Hydrogen storage materials for fuel cell vehicles high-pressure MH system. Journal of Japan Institute of Metals, 69 (3), 308-311. 

H. Yamada, in Glass Cell Method for High-Pressure, High-Resolution NMR Measurements. Applications to the Studies of Pressure Effects on Molecular Conformation and Structure, Ed. 

The advantages of using polychromatic radiation from a reactor source, coupled with Laue diffraction methods, have been investigated by McIntyre et al. for high-pressure studies [194]. Using a 0.5-mm crystal in a moissanite anvil pressure cell... 

---