Hydrogen storage materials

Fullerenes carbon and C, have been shown to reversibly store hydrogen. Theoretically, fullerene can be hydrogenated up to which corresponds to 7.7% weight of hydrogen. 

The density of hydrogen in a storage material is cmcial for mobile applications. Hydrogen can be stored by six different methods and phenomena (Ztittel et al., 2003)  

Adsorbed hydrogen on materials with a large specific surface area (at T 100 K) 

Absorbed on interstitial sites in a host metal (at ambient pressme and temperature) 

Chemically bonded in covalent and ionic compoimds (at ambient pressitre) 

Mg or Zr, while B is Fe, Ni, Mn, Cu or Al. Among these, LaNij and FeTi are the two candidates seriously being considered for hydrogen storage at present. 

Sorption of hydrogen by intermetallics requires prior activation . LaNij can be activated by simply exposing it to hydrogen at a pressure of a few atmospheres. During 

Intermetallics, which store hydrogen reversibly, can function as the negative 

H/M = 1.5 (Ivey and Northwood, 1986b) is a tetragonal, pseudo-Laves phase which is stabilized only by the presence of impurities according to recent findings (Gschneidner, 1993). 

The formed hydrides in these binary Laves phases are too stable for easy hydrogen desorption, which is a prerequisite for hydrogen storage (Ivey and Northwood, 1986 b). The hydride stability can be reduced and adjusted to practical hydrogen storage conditions by deviations from stoichiometry, substitution of the B element primarily by Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mn, or Cr, or substitution of the A element primarily by Ti, or any combination of these alloying possibilities. 

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Currently there is an urgent need to develop hydrogen storage materials for mobile and stationary appHcations. This trend is accelerated by the hydrogen fuel cell technology that could, within the next decades, replace fossil fuel resources such as oil and gas. 

Schlapbach, L. and A. Zuttel, Hydrogen-storage materials for mobile applications. Nature, 414, 353-358,2001. 

Zuttel, A. Materials for hydrogen storage, Materials Today, September 2003. 

Barnes, R.G., Ed., Materials Science Forum, Hydrogen Storage Materials, vol. 31, Trans-Tech Publications, Brookfield, VT, 31,1988. 

Zuttel, A., A. Borgschulte, and S.-I. Orimo, Tetrahydroborates as new hydrogen storage materials, Seri. Mater., 56,823-828,2007. 

Bogdanovic, B. and M. Schwickardi, Ti-doped alkali metal aluminum hydrides as potential novel reversible hydrogen storage materials, /. Alloys Compd., 1-9, 253-254, 1997. 

Candidate Component of Naphthalene Oil as Hydrogen Storage Material ... 

Puri, PS. and Pe, G.P, Addition of odorants to hydrogen by incorporating odorants with hydrogen storage materials, U.S. Patent Application, April 2006. 

Hirose, K. and Mori, D. (2006). Toyota s vision of the development of hydrogen storage materials for vehicular applications. MH2006 International Symposium on Metal-Hydrogen Systems Fundamentals and Applications, Lahaina, Maui, Hawaii, 1-6 October, 2006. 

Mori, D., Kobayashi, N., Shinozawa, T. et al. (2005). Hydrogen storage materials for fuel cell vehicles high-pressure MH system. Journal of Japan Institute of Metals, 69 (3), 308-311. 

The three generic classifications of hydrogen storage materials are reversible metal hydrides, non-reversible chemical hydrides, and adsorbent materials. Reversible metal hydride materials and adsorbents can be recharged with hydrogen without removing them from the vehicle, while non-reversible chemical hydride materials must be removed from the vehicle in order to be recharged. 

The advantages and challenges of the three classes of hydrogen storage materials are shown in Table II. 

The progress of hydrogen storage and its container materials were reviewed. AB2 nanocrystalline alloy, Ti-NaAlH4 complex hydride and Mg/MWNTs composite are promising hydrogen storage materials. 

SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF LiBH4 + MgH2 AS A POTENTIAL REVERSIBLE HIGH CAPACITY HYDROGEN STORAGE MATERIAL... 

THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF A NOVEL HYDROGEN STORAGE MATERIAL NANOPOROUS SILICON... 

Thermodynamic Analysis of a Novel Hydrogen Storage Material Nanoporous Silicon... 

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