Cell culture, colon

In culture, the human colon carcinoma cell hne Caco-2 spontaneously differentiates at confluency into polarized cells with enterocyte-like characteristics. The principle of this approach consists of following the passage of the compound of interest from the apical or lumen-like sides to the basolateral or lymph-hke sides of Caco-2 cells, thus following the absorption of the compound per se. One obhgate step for fat-soluble nutrients such as carotenoids to cross the intestinal barrier is their incorporation into CMs assembled in the enterocytes. Under normal cell culture conditions, Caco-2 cells are unable to form CMs. When supplemented with taurocholate and oleic acid, Caco-2 cells were reported to assemble and secrete CMs. ... 

Cell culture Damage to small intestinal epithelial cells by XO can be prevented by SOD and desferrioxamine (Ma et al., 1991), whilst that to rat enterocytes, CaCo cells or rabbit colonic epithelial cells by XO can be decreased by catalase (Baker and Baker, 1990 Baker and Campbell, 1991 Kawabe etal., 1992). 

Kawabe, T., Hiraishi, H., Hata, Y., Razandi, M., Teranoa, T. and Ivey, K.J. (1992). Reactive oxygen metabolites mediate cytotoxicity to cultured colonic epithelial cells. Gastroen-terolc 102, A644. 

Slamenova D, Masterova I, Labaj J, et al. Cytotoxic and DNA-damaging effects of diterpenoid quinones from the roots of Salvia officinalis L. on colonic and hepatic human cells cultured in vitro. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2004 94 282-290. 

The application of fullerene on the surfaces has an essential advantage in the studies with cell cultures as in this case we can obtain the maximum contact of cells with fullerene - cells adhere on the surface and colonize it as a confluent monolayer. That is the basic difference from the water-soluble complexes and micro-dispersed suspensions of fullerene C60. The pro-/antioxidant activities of fullerene were tested in chemical and biological systems. 

There are several cell monolayer models that are frequently used for the evaluation of drug permeability and absorption potential (Table 18.1). For a more detailed discussion, please refer to Chap. 8. Caco-2 cells (adenocarcinoma cells derived from colon) are the most extensively characterized and frequently used of the available cell lines [5-9], A unique feature of Caco-2 cells is that they undergo spontaneous enterocyte differentiation in cell culture. Unlike intestinal enterocytes, Caco-2 cells are immortalized and replicate rapidly into confluent monolayers. When the cells reach confluency during culture on a semi-porous membrane, they start to polarize and form tight junctions, creating an ideal system for permeability and transport studies. During the past decade, use of... 

Cell monolayers grown on permeable culture inserts form confluent mono-layers with barrier properties and can be used for drug absorption experiments. The most well-known cell line for the in vitro determination of intestinal drug permeability is the human colon adenocarcinoma Caco-2 [20, 21], The utility of the Caco-2 cell line is due to its spontaneous differentiation to enterocytes under conventional cell culture conditions upon reaching confluency on a porous membrane to resemble the intestinal epithelium. This cell model displays small intestinal carriers, brush borders, villous cell model, tight junctions, and high resistance [22], Caco-2 cells express active transport systems, brush border enzymes, and phase I and II enzymes [22-24], Permeability models... 

Da Violante, G., Zerrouk, N., Richard, I., Provot, G., Chaumeil, J.C., and Arnaud, P., Evaluation of the cytotoxicity effect of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) on Caco2/TC7 colon tumor cell cultures, Biol. Pharm. Bull., 25,1600, 2002. 

As a molecule passes from tissue to tissue via the blood, it is exposed to hxmdreds of possible metabolic sites it can be bound to protein, fat, or other molecules in the serum it can be sequestered in certain organs or excreted via the kidneys, the colon, or even the breath, at rates and by mechanisms that we simply do not completely xmderstand. Faced with these facts, how can anyone state dogmatically that we can replace intact animals with computers, bacteria, cell cultures, etc. ... 

Recently, Oryza sativa L. japonica cv. Dongjin cell cultures were used to produce an antibody against the tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 (TAG 72). TAG 72 is commonly expressed in human adenocarcinoma cells. Recombinant antibody purified from transgenic rice cells was shown to bind human LS 174T colon adenocarcinoma cells expressing TAG 72. This proved the ability of rice cells to produce a functional foreign protein. 

There are a number of cell culture models available that mimic human epitheha in vivo (Caco-2, HT29, T84, lEC 18, TC7, LLCPKl, MDCK). Some of these cells are derived from human colon carcinomas (e.g., Caco-2, T84, HT29) and have many properties of the normal intestinal epithelium. The Caco-2 cell model is one of the... 

Cytotoxic activity. Ethanol (90%) extract of the dried entire plant, in cell culture at a concentration of 0.25 mg/mL, was active on human lymphocytes Veto cells, effective dose (EDljo 0.36 mg/mL Chinese hamster ovary cells, EDjo 0.44 mg/mL and Dalton s lyphoma, EBj LZ mg/mL . Methylene chloride extract of the dried leaf, in cell culture, produced weak activity on CA-colon-SW 480, inhibitory concentration (IO506.I p,g/mL. A concentration of 500 ppm was inactive on CA-human-colon-CO-115 . Methylene chloride extract of the dried root, in cell culture at a concentration of 500 ppm, was inactive on CA-human-co-lon-CO-115 and active on CA-colon-SW 480, IC50 3.6 p-g/mL. Methanol extract of the dried root, in cell culture at a concentration of 500 ppm, was inactive on CA-colon-SW 480 and CA-human-colon-CO-115 . Ethanol (50%) extract of the seed, in cell culture, was inactive on CA-9KB, ED50 greater than 20 pg/mL 5 Water extract of the dried seed, in cell culture at a concentration of 500.0 pg/mL, produced weak activity on CA-mammary-microal-veolar . Water extract of the dried seed, in cell culture at a concentration of 500 pg/ mL, was inactive on CA-JTC-26 . Seed oil, in cell culture at concentrations of 0.01% and 0.1%, was inactive on the rat fibroblasts. A concentration of 1% produced weak activity " " . Seed oil, in cell culture at... 

In cultured colon epithelial cells from conventional and gnotobiotic Sprague-Dawley... 

Upon coverage of longitudinally cleaved tubes with bovine endothelial cells in cell culture tests, a distinct sprouting of the initially spherical cells takes places within 24 h. SEM shows that the resulting filaments barely differ from the fibers of BC (Fig. 21). This structure also benefits the rapid endothelial colonization of BASYC . 

Cell Culture Human colon cancer cells (LoVo) were obtained from Dr. M. Lipkin (Cornell University Medical Center) and human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) were obtained from Dr. 

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