Cattle fattening

Across a service road, conical mills blend feed for beef cattle, fattening in multilevel pens that conserve ground space. Tubes carry the feed to be mechanically distributed. A central elevator transports the cattle up and down, while a tubular side drain flushes wastes to be broken down for fertilizer. Beside the farther pen, a processing plant packs beef into cylinders for shipment to market by helicopter and mono-rail. Illuminated plastic domes provide controlled environments for growing high-value crops such as strawberries, tomatoes, and celery. Near a distant lake and recreation area, a pumping station supplies water for the vast operation."... 

Srinivas and Srinivasulu (1993) found that heulandate layers developed with carbon disulfide-pyridine (1 1) were effective for the separation of steroid hormones,—dehydroepiandrosterone could easily be separated from mixtures of cholesterol and estradiol benzoate or testosterone phenylpropionate, and testosterone could be separated from mixtures of cholesterol and testosterone phenylpropionate or estradiol benzoate. Likewise, estradiol could easily be separated from mixtures of cholesterol and estradiol benzoate. Daeseleire et al. (1994) applied HPTLC and GC/MS for the detection of anabolic steroids used as growth promoters in illicit cattle fattening within the European market. Agrawal et al. (1995) developed a sensitive, reliable, and rapid silica gel TLC method for the separation, identification, and quantification of stereospecific androgen metabolites. 

Because feed comprises over 80% of the cost of producing and fattening cattle, the maximum utilization of ever increasingly expensive rations is of upmost importance (179). Monensin under the trade name of Rumen sin (Elanco Products) was introduced in 1976 at a recommended level of 30 ppm in cattle feed. Lasalocid having the trade name Bovatec (Hoffmann-LaRoche, Inc.) was marketed some years later. 

Mastung,/. feeding, fattening fatness. Mastvieh, n. fattening cattle. 

Fig. 3.2 A comparison between white clover and grass for fattening beef cattle (Thomson, 1984).

Studies show that N20 was emitted from animal houses at the rate of 4-5 mg N m 2 d 1, with straw as bedding material, whereas when no bedding material was used, little or no N20 was emitted from slurry-based cattle or pig building as complete anaerobic condition would have maintained [52]. Deep litter system with fattening pigs showed much higher emission compared to slurry based pig houses, while mechanical mixing still further increased N20 emission [53]. In cattle collection yards, there had been very less or no N20 emission as the anaerobic condition prevents conversion of NH4+ to N03-. 

PERUGINA Fattening pigs and beef cattle 300 (pigs) 390 (beef cattle) 60-85 land spreading... 

That all growing cattle, sheep and poultry should have period of being free range That during the finishing period, fattening birds should have daylight, warmth and fresh air... 

That fattening cattle and pigs remain housed for the finishing period, provided they have adequate air, daylight, warmth and space... 

Another potential use for waste wood might be in rations for fattening cattle. For this purpose wood waste would not be expected to furnish energy, but rather aid in the feeding of all-concentrate rations. 

E. Donefer I would refer this specific question to Dr. Baumgardt, as the work on waste paper was done at his institution. Before his answer, I would like to take this opportunity to make one point in reference to the use of wood products as animal feeds. In dicussing this question with Dr. Stone of the Pulp and Paper Institute, he mentioned that wood pulp is priced at over 100/ton. This type of material is thus immediately ruled out as a potential feedstuff since good quality hay can be purchased at 25- 30/ton and grain com is available at approximately twice that price. Serious consideration must thus be made of the initial cost of potential feedstuffs and their chemical treatments, in relation to the nutritive value and costs of commonly available feeds. Com grain is an ideal feed in the fattening ration of cattle and costs less than some of the potential wood pulp feed products. Certain waste wood products such as bark and sawdust might on the other hand justify improvement procedures because of their low initial cost. ... 

In contrast to the above-mentioned occurrence of polioencephalomalacia in beef cattle consuming a diet with a sulfur content > 5 g kg no clinical symptoms have been observed in pigs, goats, heifers and fattening bulls receiving a diet supplemented with lOgSkg (Anke et al. 1992). However,... 

Goats, sheep and cattle and their offspring receiving < 100 jg I kg feed DM developed a thyroid hypertrophy (goiter). In intrauterine iodine-depleted kids, the thyroid was enlarged to 40-fold that of control kids, while the thyroid of the mothers were increased 27-fold. Such increases also occurred, but to lesser degrees, in sheep and their lambs (15-fold) and in calves and fattening bulls (only 2- to 5-fold) (Table 9.4-23). 

As with cattle, the maintenance requirements of sheep published by AFRC (1993) are based on fasting metabolism and an activity allowance that varies between 0.0067 Wfor housed fattening lambs and 0.024 Wfor ewes on hill grazing. The NEm requirement of a 50 kg hill ewe can be predicted as follows ... 

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