Carter Administration

In addition, manufacturers obtained language allowing federal standards to preempt state efforts in most cases. Pursuant to this legislation, the Carter Administration proposed appliance standards in mid-1980, but was unable to issue a final rule before the Reagan Administration took over. 

This facility design concept was not considered in White House reviews of reprocessing during the Ford and Carter Administrations, nor as an option for support by President Reagan, who had been elected on a platform to support reprocessing of commercial spent firel. The ERDA and the DOE had reassigned responsibilities for commercial fuel cycle to its Division of Reactor Development (later Office of Nuclear Energy) which supported pilot plant concepts of its national laboratories and rejected concepts based on successful experience and lessons learned from that experience. 

Third, voluntary compliance is more efficient than regulation, but voluntary compliance will not be achieved unless the possibility of regulatory action is real. Any law is dependent for its effectiveness on voluntary compliance, and during the Carter Administration we had continuous... 

The Carter Administration appears to be in the process of changing its energy policy on a daily basis with hardly any way to predict which way it will go on any one day. 

Hence, the sudden reversal of the Carter Administration on their energy policy and their new program of encouraging the use of natural gas for the next three to five years and the promise that exceptions would be made in the coal conversion policy."... 

Dr. Schlesinger maintained that the Carter Administration remains committed over the long run to the use of coal instead of oil or gas in new boiler facilities. 

On January 9, 1979, Secretary Schlesinger in a talk to the National Association of Petroleum Investment Analysts Group of New York in New York City, again called on industry to switch back to natural gas from oil. In a major shift in the Carter Administration policy, Secretary Schlesinger said that the United States would emphasize increased industrial consumption of natural gas instead of coal to reduce oil imports. 

As a result of this sudden about-face by the Carter Administration and their new found religion in switching to natural gas, it shouldn t surprise anyone to find there will be little incentive for anyone to keep working very hard on coal gasification whether it be for low-Btu, high-Btu or medium-Btu gas or any combination of them. 

While the Carter Administration has long discouraged the use of natural gas to fuel utility and industrial plants, it recently reversed this position because a short-term surplus of natural gas has developed and they are now pleading with electric utilities and industrial plants to convert back to natural gas. 

Longstanding ties between Marine Midland and Panama were reflected in the fact that a former board member of Marine Midland Bank, Coudert Brothers lawyer Sol Linowitz, negotiated the Carter Administration s recent treaty concerning the Panama Canal. 

Dr. Peter Bourne. Bourne prescribed Quaaludes for an associate and to protect her identity used a phony name for her. Bourne was forced to resign. No sooner had the dust settled than Hamilton Jordan, Carter s chief of staff, was charged with having snorted cocaine at a NORML party during the presidential campaign. This case dragged on and on. The Carter administration s early intention to decriminalize marijuana faded. 

All these factors led to a new interest in cooperation in research. One bit of evidence for this change was that the Carter administration s Domestic Policy Review on Industrial Iimovation conducted from 1978 through 1980 recommended that the federal government support generic applied research for industry and that the antitrust laws be modified to facilitate horizontal cooperation in R D among competing firms. 

There currently is little dissent from the discovery of an alleged new National Problem a decline in industrial innovation in the United States, stemming from the asserted reluctance of American companies to perform basic research on their own, or even use much of the existing research data already financed by the government. The Carter administration has been considering what Assistant Commerce Secretary Jordan Baruch calls "a wide range of tools with which to motivate the private sector s behavior with respect to the rate and direction of the innovation process." (1 )... 

China in 1972., as opposed to the longer process of normalization leading to the establishment of diplomatic relations, which eventually occnrred in 1979 under the Carter administration. In order better to understand Nixon s and Kissinger s rapprochement with China in concept and in practice, this analysis looks beyond the February 1972 summit to their development of the new U.S.-China relationship by following events until the end of 1974. It does not, however, venture beyond that, owing to the constraints of space and time and because of the limited archival sources from the Ford presidency. 

For a succinct summary of the six alternative normalization formulas considered by the Nixon and Carter administrations, see Yufan Flao, Dilemma and Decision An Organizational Perspective on American China Policy-Making (Berkeley, 1997), pp. 61—6. 

Substantive overview of current developments in the area. Includes discussion of (1) the available statistics (2) existing NSF programs (3) the Carter Administration initiatives for Department of Commerce support of "generic technology centers" and the Cooperative Automotive Research Program (4) the Exxon-MIT combustion research agreement ... 

Carter Administration actions to enhance basic research and stimulate industrial innovation have focused attention on the importance of formal university-industry cooperative relationships in science and engineering. This paper examines the status of and potential for university-industry research consortia and research partnerships and the current and prospective roles of the federal government in stimulating such relationships. A useful typology of university-industry relationships is presented. 

An outgrowth of the Carter Administration Domestic Policy Review of Industrial Innovation, this document seeks to clarify Department of Justice policy on collaboration among firms In research to make certain that the antitrust laws are not "mistakenly understood to prevent cooperative activity."... 

As you know, the Carter Administration has been engaged in a Domestic Policy Review on Innovation. What you may not know is that this has been a custom of every administration for the past 20 years. 

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