Carmine properties

Lindera glauca (Sieb. et Zucc.) Blume Bai Ye Diao Zhang (fruit) Essential oils, cineole, limonene, caryophyllene, bornylautate, fatty acids, camphene, beta-pinene.55 Carminative properties, treat arthritis joint pain. 

Pleurisy root is stated to possess diaphoretic, expectorant, antispasmodic, and carminative properties. It is used for treating bronchitis, pneumonitis, influenza, and particularly pleurisy. 

Wild carrot has diuretic, antilithic, and carminative properties. Traditionally, it is used for urinary calculus, lithuria, cystitis gout, and specifically for urinary gravel or calculus. 

Nutmeg is used more commonly in Oriental medicine than in Western medicine. Medicinally, it is known for its stimulative and carminative properties. The seeds are carminative, stomachic, astringent, deodorant, narcotic and aphrodisiac, and useful in flatulence, nausea and vomiting. The antioxidant property of nutmeg was reviewed by Krishnamoorthy and Rema (2000). Both nutmeg and mace are used in the pharmaceutical industries. Powdered nutmeg is rarely administered alone, but it enters into the composition of numerous medicines as aromatic adjuncts. 

The turmeric rhizome is a main ingredient of curry powder. It gives color and flavor to food, and it has aromatic, stimulant, and carminative properties. This herb is used traditionally in India to treat biliary disorders, anorexia, cough, diabetic wounds, liver disorders, rheumatism, and sinusitis and in China for abdominal pains and jaundice. Turmeric has a protective effect on the liver, stimulates bile secretion in animals, and is recommended for use in liver disorders. 

Oleum Cinnamomi (oil of cinnamon) Used as a cordial with carminative properties. Often employed with other remedies. 

Intermediate solutions Pharmaceutical solutions are used as intermediates for manufacturing other preparations. Aromatic water is used as a flavoring agent and peppermint and anise waters have some carminative properties. These are manufactured as concentrated waters and are diluted before use. Infusions are prepared by extracting the drug using 25% alcohol without heat. Extracts are similar to infusions, but are... 

One of the main compounds with about 23% found in the volatile oil from Trachyspermum ammi (ajwain, ajowan, omum, Apiaceae), which is a very popular aromatic plant in India and used for flavoring food as well as in the Aynrvedic medicine, is y-terpinene. Another main compound of the ajowan oil is p-cymene (about 31%), which contributes to the autispamodic and carminative properties as well. To determine the antioxidative activity of the EO a wide range of test methods were used. To simulate the different stages of lipid peroxidation three different test methods were exerted the determination of peroxide values, a TEA assay, aud the tmoleic acid assay. The antioxidative activity of the oil and of an acetone extract was compared to that of BHT, BHA, and of a control a sample with crude linseed oil. It could be shown that the oil was a better inhibitor than the synthetic antioxidants (Singh et al., 2004). Due to the fact that aU results of the different test methods correlate, it can be concluded that at a concentration of 200 ppm the inhibitor activity can be put into the following order acetone extract > EO > BHA > BHT > control. 

Buchu leaves are reported to have urinary antiseptic, diuretic, and carminative properties. The essential oils of Agathosma betulina and A. crenulata leaves have shown spasmolytic activity on the smooth muscle of isolated guinea pig ileum. ... 

Thyme oil is reported to have antispasmodic, expectorant, and carminative properties it also has antimicrobial (bacteria and fungi) activities. These activities are mainly due to thymol and carvacrol, with the former being more potent. ... 

The indazole alkaloid Nigellidine (269) (Scheme 88) which was described as a zwitterion, was detected in the seeds of Nigella saliva L. (Ranunculaceae) (95TL1993), which is an erect annual plant found in South Asia and is widely cultivated. The seeds are commonly believed to have carminative, stimulatory and diaphoretic properties (75PHA2759). An X-ray single crystal analysis was performed on the methyl chloride. It is... 

Cochineal, carminic acid, and carmines are approved as food colorants in the EU under code E 120, and their purity criteria are regulated.The amount of E 120 permitted in food ranges from 50 to 500 mg/kg. Carminic acid and carmine are considered very good food colorants due to their high stability and tinctorial properties. Solutions of carminic acid are yellow to orange, while carmines show various stable brilliant red hues. - ... 

P.R.l 14, an isomer of P.R.18, is sold only in Japan, where it is of minor importance. It produces a bluish red shade, carmine. The pigment largely parallels P.R.22 in terms of application properties, especially in its fastness properties. 

Carmine is well entrenched in the food industry and probably will remain there because of its superior technological properties. It is, however, a very labor intensive industry because of the hand harvesting of the insects with a consequent high price. 

Carmine belongs to the anthraquinone class of compounds and several other chemically closely related compounds are also used as colorants.25 Kermes is a well known colorant in Europe. It is obtained from the insects, Kermes ilicis or Kermococcus vermilis, which grow on oak trees. It contains kermisic acid, the aglycone of carminic acid, and its isomer ceroalbolinic acid. Its properties are very similar to carmine. Lac is a red colorant obtained from the insect Laccifera lacca which is found on several families of trees in India and Malaysia. The lac insects are better known for their production of shellac. They contain a complex mixture of anthraquinones. Alkanet is a red pigment from the roots of Alkanna tinctoria Taush and Alchusa tinctoria Lom. All three have been cleared for food use in Europe but not in the US. 

One of the big drawbacks associated with the use of many conducting polymers as electrochromic materials is their low cycle life stability. To overcome this, and other electrochromic properties, many composite materials have been studied. These composites include mixtures with other optically complementary, conducting polymers and inorganic electrochromes, such as tungsten trioxide and Prussian Blue, and colour enhancing agents or redox indicators, exemplified by the inherently electrochromic indigo carmine (1.96). °... 

Xanthoxylum piperitum DC Chuan Jian (fruit) Essential oils, phellandrene, limonene, citronellol, geraniol, and sanshol in fruit sesquiterpene lactones-xanthatin, limonene in seed saponin, citral, citronellol, geraniol in leaf berberine, xanthoxylinin root.49-430 Diaphoretic properties, prophylactic against hydrophobia, used as a diuretic, stomachic, carminative, stimulant, resolving inflammatory swellings, it is sedative. 

N.A. Apiole, myristicin, pinene, apiin, havonoids, phthalides, coumarins.99-100 107 Diuretic, stomachic, carminative, irritant, and emmenagogue properties. 

N.A. Ginsenosides, acetylenic compounds, polysaccharides, panaxosides.103 125 140-141-i55,i56,3i4,5ii A stimulant, tonic, adaptogen, diuretic, stomachic agent, carminative, aphrodisiac, healing properties, provide energy, retard the aging process. 

Mentha spicata L. M. x piperita L. Menthol, menthone, isomenthone, pinene, myrcene, limonene, cineole, cymene, terpinene, carvone, luteolin."-100-107-130 Carminative, stomachic, mild antispasmodic, expectorant, antiseptic, and local anesthetic properties. 

Angelica is believed to possess antispasmodic, diaphoretic, expectorant, bitter aromatic, carminative, diuretic, and local anti-inflammatory properties. It is used for respiratory catarrh, psychogenic asthma, flatulent dyspepsia, anorexia nervosa, rheumatic diseases, and peripheral vascular disease. Specifically, it has been applied as a compress for pleurisy and bronchitis, especially for bronchitis associated with vascular deficiency. 

Aniseed is stated to possess expectorant, antispasmodic, carminative, and parasiticidic properties. It is traditionally used for bronchial catarrh, pertussis, spasmodic cough, flatulent colic, topically for pediculosis and scabies, and specifically for bronchitis, tracheitis with persistent cough, and as an aromatic adjuvant to prevent colic from cathartics. It has been used as an estrogenic agent and is reputed to increase milk secretion, promote menstruation, facilitate birth, alleviate symptoms of the male climacteric, and increase libido. 

Asafoetida possesses carminative, antispasmodic, and expectorant properties. It has been used for chronic bronchitis, pertussis, laryngismus stridulus, hysteria, and specifically for intestinal flatulent colic. 

Capsicum has stimulant, antispasmodic, carminative, diaphoretic, counterirritant, antiseptic, and rubefacient properties. Traditionally, it has been used for colic, flatulent dyspepsia without inflammation, chronic laryngitis (as a gargle), insufficiency of peripheral circulation, and externally for neuralgia, including rheumatic pains and unbroken chilblains. 

Cassia is stated to possess carminative, antispasmodic, antiemetic, antidiarrheal, and antimicrobial properties. It has been used to treat flatulent dyspepsia, flatulent colic, diarrhea, the common cold, and especially colic or dyspepsia with flatulent distension and nausea. Cassia bark is also documented to possess astringent properties, and the oil has carminative and antiseptic characteristics. 

Cinnamon is believed to have antispasmodic, carminative, orexigenic, antidiarrheal, antimicrobial, refrigerant, and anthelmintic properties. It is used for anorexia, intestinal colic, infantile diarrhea, common cold, influenza, and specifically for flatulent colic and dyspepsia with nausea. Cinnamon bark is also an astringent, and cinnamon oil is reported to possess carminative and antiseptic properties. 

Ginger has carminative, diaphoretic, and antispasmodic properties. Traditionally, it is used for colic, flatulent dyspepsia, and specifically for flatulent intestinal colic. Its role in the prevention of motion sickness is also being researched. 

Juniper is stated to possess diuretic, antiseptic, carminative, stomachic, and antirheumatic properties. Traditionally, it has been used for cystitis, flatulence, colic, and is applied topically for rheumatic pains in joints and muscles. 

Myrrh has antimicrobial, astringent, carminative, expectorant, anticatarrhal, antiseptic, and vulnerary properties. Traditionally, it has been used for aphthous ulcers, pharyngitis, respiratory catarrh, common cold, furunculosis, wounds and abrasions, and specifically for mouth ulcers, gingivitis, and pharyngitis. 

Parsley possesses carminative, antispasmodic, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, antirheumatic, and antimicrobial properties. Traditionally, it is used for flatulent dyspepsia, colic, cystitis, dysuria, bronchitic cough in elderly people, dysmenorrhea, functional amenorrhea, myalgia, and specifically for flatulent dyspepsia with intestinal colic. 

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