Cardiovascular system study

Beneken J.E.W. and Rideout V.C. 1968. The use of multiple models in cardiovascular system studies transport and perturbation methods. IEEE Trans. BME15 281. 

Comparative Toxicokinetics. In humans, the targets for trichloroethylene toxicity are the liver, kidney, cardiovascular system, and nervous system. Experimental animal studies support this conclusion, although the susceptibilities of some targets, such as the liver, appear to differ between rats and mice. The fact that these two species could exhibit such different effects allows us to question which species is an appropriate model for humans. A similar situation occurred in the cancer studies, where results in rats and mice had different outcomes. The critical issue appears to be differences in metabolism of trichloroethylene across species (Andersen et al. 1980 Buben and O Flaherty 1985 Filser and Bolt 1979 Prout et al. 1985 Stott et al. 1982). Further studies relating the metabolism of humans to those of rats and mice are needed to confirm the basis for differences in species and sex susceptibility to trichloroethylene s toxic effects and in estimating human heath effects from animal data. Development and validation of PBPK models is one approach to interspecies comparisons of data. 

Radiographic studies show calcium-phosphate deposits in joints and/or cardiovascular system Bone biopsy of the iliac crest... 

In addition to effects on bone, raloxifene may have effects in breast tissue and on the cardiovascular system. A secondary end point of the MORE trial evaluated the effects of raloxifene on the primary prevention of breast cancer and found a significant reduction in all types of breast cancer.33 Raloxifene decreases total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol,34 and studies are evaluating its effect on reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.35... 

There is no evidence from animal studies that diisopropyl methylphosphonate directly affects the cardiovascular system except at very high doses (Palmer et al. 1979). No anomalous necropsy or histopathological effects were noted in rats that received diisopropyl methylphosphonate in the diet at doses of 0, 30, 100, or 300 mg/kg/day for 90 days (Hart 1976). Similarly, no abnormalities were noted in mice that received the compound in the diet at doses of 0, 27, 91, or 273 mg/kg/day for 90 days (Hart... 

The AEGL-1 concentration was based on a 1-hour (h) no-effect concentration of 8,000 parts per million (ppm) in healthy human subjects (Emmen et al. 2000). This concentration was without effects on pulmonary function, respiratory parameters, the eyes (irritation), or the cardiovascular system. Because this concentration is considerably below that causing any adverse effect in animal studies, an intraspecies uncertainty factor (UF) of 1 was applied. The intraspecies UF of 1 is supported by the absence of adverse effects in therapy tests with patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and adult and pediatric asthmatics who were tested with metered-dose inhalers containing HFC-134a as the propellant. Because blood concentrations in this study approached equilibrium following 55 minutes (min) of exposure and effects are determined by blood concentrations, the value of 8,000 ppm was made equivalent across all time periods. The AEGL-1 of 8,000 ppm is supported by the absence of adverse effects in experimental animals that inhaled considerably higher concentrations. No adverse effects were observed in rats exposed at 81,000 ppm for 4 h (Silber and Kennedy 1979) or in rats exposed... 

Cardiovascular Effects. No studies were located regarding cardiovascular effects in humans following oral exposure to mirex. Symptoms associated with the cardiovascular system were not... 

To assess the effects of the test substance on the central Anon.27 nervous system, peripheral nervous system, sensory organs, respiratory and cardiovascular systems, smooth muscles including uterus, peripheral organs, renal function, and adverse effects observed in clinical studies... 

Acute-Duration Exposure. Clinical reports indicate that the central nervous system, cardiovascular system, stomach, liver, and kidneys in humans are target organs of chloroform toxicity after inhalation and oral exposure to chloroform (Schroeder 1965 Smith et al. 1973 Whitaker and Jones 1965). These findings are supported by results obtained from acute inhalation and oral-exposure studies in animals in which target organs identical to those observed in human studies (central nervous... 

Cardiovascular Effects. Reports of cardiovascular effects in humans or animals after exposure to 3,3 -dichlorobenzidine by any route were not foimd in any of the existing epidemiological and animal studies, suggesting that the cardiovascular system is not a target of 3,3 -dichlorobenzidine toxicity. It is unlikely that cardiovascular effects will occm in humans exposed to 3,3 -dichlorobenzidine at levels foimd at hazardous waste sites. 

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