Cardiovascular disease arteriosclerosis

Mori, T. A. Beilin, L.J. Burke, V. Morris, J. Ritchie, J. (1997). Interactions between dietary fat, fish, and fish oils and their effects on platelet function in men at risk of cardiovascular disease. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, Vol.l7, No.2, 0 ebruary 1997), pp. 279-286, ISSN 1079-5642... 

Aggravation of cardiovascular disease (i.e., decreased exercise capacity in patients with angina pectoris, intermittent claudication, or peripheral arteriosclerosis)... 

Advanced arteriosclerosis symptomatic cardiovascular disease moderate to severe hypertension hyperthyroidism hypersensitivity or idiosyncrasy to the sympathomimetic amines glaucoma agitated states history of drug abuse during or within 14 days following administration of monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors (hypertensive crises may result). 

Acute abdominal conditions Narcotics may obscure diagnosis or clinical course. Do not give SR morphine to patients with Gl obstruction, particularly paralytic ileus, as there is a risk of the product remaining in the stomach for an extended period and the subsequent release of a bolus of morphine when normal gut motility is restored. Special risk patients Exercise caution in elderly and debilitated patients and in those suffering from conditions accompanied by hypoxia or hypercapnia when even moderate therapeutic doses may dangerously decrease pulmonary ventilation. Also exercise caution in patients sensitive to CNS depressants, including those with cardiovascular disease myxedema convulsive disorders increased ocular pressure acute alcoholism delirium tremens cerebral arteriosclerosis ulcerative... 

I Contraindications Advanced arteriosclerosis, agitated states, glaucoma, history of drug abuse, history of hypersensitivity to sympathomimetic amines, hyperthyroidism, moderate to severe hypertension, symptomatic cardiovascular disease, within 14 days following discontinuation of an MAOI... 

Contraindications Agitated states, use of MAOIs within 14 days, glaucoma, history of drug abuse, hyperthyroidism, advanced arteriosclerosis or severe cardiovascular disease, severe hypertension, and hypersensitivity to sympathomimetic amines... 

N.A. Linoleic acid, linolenic acid, phenolics, flavonoids, tannins.103,118,152 Treat asthma, arteriosclerosis, multiple sclerosis, atopic eczema, schizophrenia, diabetic neuropathy, cardiovascular diseases, antitumor. 

Knowledge of the electrochemical facts of arteriosclerosis shows that the present methods of treating cardiovascular disease reduce the symptoms (the aggregation of colloidal blood chemicals) instead of treating the essential cause, the anionic charge on the arterial walls. 

If patient has arteriosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, or severe hypertension... 

Cardiovascular Disease. Patients with systemic hypertension, arteriosclerosis, and other cardiovascular diseases may be at risk when high concentrations of topically administered adrenergic agonists such as phenylephrine are used. Repeated topical doses or soaked cotton pledgets placed in the conjunctival sac have been associated with adverse cardiovascular effects. Likewise, P-blockers should be avoided or used cautiously in patients with congestive heart disease, severe bradycardia, and high-grade atrioventricular block. Topical P-blockers, however, may be used safely in patients with cardiac pacemakers. 

There is reason to conclude that vitamin deficiency might contribute to arteriosclerosis. There is a correlation between elevated homocysteine levels and incidence of cardiovascular disease (59). There is debate as to whether homocysteine contributesto the dam e of cells on the interior of blood vessel or whether homocysteine is a marker of intensive cell repair and formation of replacement cells. Nevertheless, administration of pyridoxine, folic acid, and (yanocobalamin are being recommended along with the two antioxidant vitamins, a-tocopherol and ascorbic acid for arteriosclerosis. Vitamin Bg is required for two of the steps in the catabolism of homocysteine to succinyl CoA (Fig. 8.52). Note in Fig. 8.52 (bottom) that biotin and a coenzyme form of cobalamin also are required for... 

Newman AB, Shemanski L, Manolio TA, et al. Ankle-arm index as a predictor of cardiovascular disease and mortality in the Cardiovascular Health Study. The Cardiovascular Health Study Group. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis Vascular Biology 1999 19 538-545. 

Methylphenidate is indicated for the treatment of children with ADHD (5 to 10 mg p.o. daily) and for adults with narcolepsy (10 mg p.o. t.i.d.). Methylphenidate, a CNS stimulant and an analeptic, releases norepinephrine and hence stimulates the reticular activating system and the cerebral cortex. Its actions resemble those produced by amphetamine. Similar to other sympathomimetic agents, methylphenidate should be used with caution in patients with symptomatic cardiovascular disease, hyperthyroidism, angina pectoris, moderate to severe hypertension, or advanced arteriosclerosis because it may cause dangerous arrhythmias and blood pressure changes. 

Coronary Heart Disease Several studies have linked mercury exposure to cardiovascular disease. These studies are important because consumers are advised to eat fish to protect against heart disease. Some fish species contain beneficial omega-3 fatty acids, and fish is also a low-fat source of protein. However, recent studies have raised the possibility that a moderate mercury content in fish may diminish the cardioprotective effect of fish intake in humans. Salonen et al. (2000) reported an association between moderate hair mercury content and accelerated progression of carotid arteriosclerosis in a prospective study among 1014 men aged 42-60 years in Finland. Hair mercury levels > 2 pg g showed a doubling of the risk of... 

An increased plasma level of homocysteine is regarded as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and the development of arteriosclerosis. Homocysteine concentrations in plasma are reduced by remethylation and transsulfuration (Komarnisky et al. 2003). The remethylation is catalyzed by methionine synthase, which in turn is influenced by vitamin B12 and folate. The transsulfura-tions depend on cystathionine 3-synthase. A dietary deficiency of vitamins B, B12 and folate, accompanied by a high protein intake, can cause hyperhomocystinemia in humans (Jacobsen 1998). Furthermore, a genetic disorder of enzymes involved in the metabolism of homocysteine leads to hypercystinuria (Mudd et al. 1989). 

Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of death, in both the United States and Europe, with arteriosclerosis being the most common form. The process of arteriosclerosis is considered to consist largely of the accumulation of lipids within the artery wall [1]. By surgical therapy new pathways (conduits) are being constructed, connecting the aorta or other major arteries and distal segments of arteries (e.g., coronary arteries) with vessels beyond the stenosis or obstructing lesions. By this means, blood supply to ischemic tissues can be re-established... 

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to take a heavy toll on people in the productive period of life, especially in industrialized countries. Although its incidence has fallen in the last decade, CVD is still the main cause of death in industrialized countries. In the United States and many other countries, it is the number one chronic condition requiring hospitalization, and is also the most prevalent disease condition in the elderly. Despite intensive research, the etiology and the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis and its consequences are not completely understood. An important causative factor is hypercholesterolemia, and cUnical intervention studies have demonstrated the therapeutic value of correcting it. However, at any given level of hypercholesterolemia, even in combination with all other classical risk factors such as hypertension or smoking, there is considerable variation in the expression of the disease. 

Hyperlipidemia and obesity are risk factors of lifestyle-related diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, arteriosclerosis, and cardiovascular diseases. Numerous studies have been conducted to examine food ingredients that can prevent obesity. Diacylglycerol (DAG) is one of the ideal fats that may prevent postprandial hyperlipidemia and obesity [see references contain in this volume (1)]. 

Bjomtorp, P. (1990) Portal Adipose Tissue as a Generator of Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes, Arteriosclerosis 70,493-496. 

Kris-Etherton PM, Harris WS, Appel LJ, Association for the AH (2003) Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease New recommendations from the American Heart Association. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology 23 151-152. 

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